Archived - Budget 2022 Impacts Report

This measure would benefit an estimated 2.4 million Canadians with disabilities by increasing the availability of books in fully accessible formats. Based on the 2017 Canadian Survey of Disabilities, more women reported having disabilities than men (24 per cent versus 20 per cent). This measure would help advance the objectives of achieving a barrier-free Canada and promote the economic and social inclusion of persons with print disabilities by allowing their full participation in cultural and economic activities. Given that the incidence of disability increases with age, older Canadians are more likely to benefit from this measure.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, 2017 Canadian Survey on Disability

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Child, student and adult skills

Society – Accessible environments; Participation in cultural or religious practices recreation or sport;

Positive perceptions of diversity

Good Governance – Discrimination and unfair treatment

Target Population:

Persons with print disabilities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Seniors, Persons with Print Disabilities

In 2019-20, women participated in a total of 44.5 per cent of all interventions provided under the Labour Market Development Agreements (LMDAs). They were more likely than men to access less intensive interventions such as job search assistance and career advice—representing 84.2 per cent of supports accessed by women and 75.3 per cent for men. Women, Indigenous peoples, and self-employed or gig workers are also less likely to qualify for Employment Insurance, which restricts their eligibility for LMDA training measures. Budget 2017’s funding of $1.8 billion to the LMDAs broadened eligibility for EI-funded programs and services, benefiting those further removed from the labour market, including persons with disabilities, women and Indigenous peoples. The Workforce Development Agreements do not have the same eligibility constraints and continue to support persons with disabilities, Indigenous peoples, youth, older workers and newcomers through targeted funding.

Data Sources: Employment and Social Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Labour underutilization; Adult skills; Future outlook

Target Population:

EI Premium Payers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Workers, Lower-Educated Individuals

Targeted scholarships and fellowships are expected to directly benefit Black Canadians, and particularly younger adults who comprise the majority of postsecondary enrollment. Underrepresentation of Black women among degree holders in Canada is particularly acute compared with the broader population. In 2016, Black women in Canada were 5.2 per cent less likely than women in the rest of the population to hold a university degree.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Post-secondary attainment; Future outlook; Employment

Society – Positive perceptions of diversity

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Representation in senior leadership positions

Target Population:

Black Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

This initiative would benefit Black youth and other racialized groups, by engaging in research and supporting educational programs which are culturally responsive and relevant to the needs and aspirations of this population. The Black population is younger than the total population in Canada. In 2016, the median age for the Black population was 29.6 years, versus 40.7 years for the total population.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Positive perceptions of diversity; Sense of pride/belonging to Canada; Participation in cultural or religious practices recreation or sport; Sense of belonging to local community

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Discrimination and unfair treatment

Target Population:

Black youth

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Racialized People

This investment will benefit individuals of all genders, but may be most beneficial for First Nations boys and men who are less likely to complete their secondary education. In 2016, 44 per cent of the First Nations population on reserve ages 18 to 24 had completed high schAdditional characteristicsool, compared to 88 per cent of the non-Indigenous population. Supporting Regional Education Agreements ensures greater First Nations control over education so that on-reserve schools can offer programming that responds to the unique needs of their students and improves outcomes.

Data Sources: internal administrative data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Future outlook

Health – Children vulnerable in early development

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

First Nations on-reserve education

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

First Nations in Quebec

This measure would benefit persons with disabilities through increased funding for the Opportunities Fund. Administrative data shows that slightly more men than women participate in the Opportunities Fund program (56 per cent versus 43 per cent). This measure would improve their employment prospects and make workplaces more inclusive and accessible. It is expected that persons with disabilities from all age groups (with various intersecting identities and low income) would benefit from this measure, with a higher proportion being young people (59 per cent), given their lack of attachment to the labour market. Among those with disabilities aged 25 to 64 years who were not employed and not currently in school, two in five —nearly 645,000 persons with disabilities—had potential for paid employment in an inclusive labour market.

Data Sources: Administrative Data, Statistics Canada, 2017 Canadian Survey on Disability

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Labour underutilization; Poverty; Wages; Child, student and adult skills

Health – Functional health status

Society – Sense of pride/belonging to Canada; Sense of belonging to local community; Accessible environments; Positive perceptions of diversity

Target Population:

Persons with disabilities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Low-income, Persons with Disabilities

Increased funding for this program will benefit apprentices in the Red Seal skilled trades who are members of equity-deserving groups, including: women, Indigenous peoples, newcomers, persons with disabilities, and visible minorities. Currently, women and visible minorities make up only 9 per cent and 8 per cent of Red Seal apprentices, respectively. Although equity-deserving groups are a focus of the program, other apprentices in the skilled trades are also expected to benefit. Additionally, the program benefits unions and employers in the construction industry and other industries by supporting the training of apprentices and increasing their skills.

Data Sources: Administrative Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Student and adult skills; Post-secondary attainment; Productivity

Society – Positive perceptions of diversity

Target Population:

Apprentices in Skilled Trades

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Equity-deserving Groups

The program will benefit all Canadians by helping to address labour shortages in the health sector, ultimately improving care. The increased funding for this program will also benefit internationally-trained health professionals by helping them gain Canadian work experience and get the credentials needed to work in Canada. This will contribute to reducing underused labour and improving job satisfaction and productivity. Based on census data, 69 per cent of immigrants working in professional health occupations are women. Participants are also more likely to be Black and racialized people, and newcomers to Canada. Participants in past projects have also reported an increased sense of belonging, while employers have reported positive perceptions of participants.

Data Sources: Administrative Data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Productivity; Labour underutilization; Job satisfaction

Health – Health-adjusted life expectancy; Timely access to primary health care provider

Society – Sense of belonging to local community; Positive perceptions of diversity

Target Population:

Internationally-trained Health Professionals

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

This initiative targets parents, particularly mothers, who often retain primary caregiving responsibilities for children. It will also be of particular benefit to early childhood educators, 96 per cent of whom are women, through efforts to attract and retain a high-quality early childhood educator workforce. Women, particularly those with children, have lower labour market participation rates than men. In 2020, only 82 per cent of women ages 25 to 54 participated in the labour force, whereas men of the same age group participated at a rate of 90 per cent. Young women with children are at higher risk of not being in education, employment or training. Continuing to strengthen the Canada-wide early learning and child care system will increase women’s labour market participation and shrink the gender participation gap as more mothers enter the workforce. There is also significant research that shows high-quality early learning and child care supports positive child development outcomes such as improved cognition and social skills, particularly among children from disadvantaged families. In supporting greater labour force participation and gender equality, this measure will benefit the economy and all Canadians.

Data Sources: Labour Force Survey; Survey on Early Learning and Child Care Arrangements

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Access to early learning and child care; Child, student and adult skills; Financial well-being;

Health – Children vulnerable in early development

Society – Time use; Satisfaction with time use

Target Population:

Families with young children

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Early Childhood Educators

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

In 2020-21, the Government of Canada added an additional $1.5 billion through the Workforce Development Agreements to help Canadian workers get skills training and employment supports to re-enter the workforce. These funds are available for provinces and territories to support workforce initiatives to increase the skills of unlicensed care providers, which may facilitate them joining the licensed sector.

The natural resource sector is the largest private employer of Indigenous peoples in Canada, and Indigenous businesses are more than 40 times as likely to be involved in resource extraction as the average Canadian business. However, employment and business opportunities vary across regions and communities. Increasing the capacity of Indigenous communities to participate in and benefit from natural resource projects will improve opportunities for Indigenous businesses and will increase employment opportunities. Over the short-term, these benefits are expected to go to men, as they comprise the majority of workers in the natural resources sector. Over the long-term, these benefits are expected to extend to Indigenous women.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Household wealth; Employment

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

Indigenous peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Natural Resources Sector, Indigenous peoples

Investments in Indigenous lands and economic development programming will directly benefit all members of participating communities, advancing new projects and creating new streams of revenue and employment opportunities by helping community-owned businesses to grow and prosper. The benefits from these investments are expected to be balanced across genders, as research indicates that increased community revenues result in reinvestment in community programming (e.g. health, education, and community development). Additionally, particular benefits are expected for Indigenous communities in rural or remote areas, which often face high costs to initiate commercial activities on their lands.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, C.D. Howe Institute

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Household income; Future outlook

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

Indigenous peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Forgiveness of up to 50 per cent of COVID-Indigenous Business Initiative loans will directly benefit Indigenous small and medium enterprises that initially received support through the program and continue to feel the negative economic impacts of the pandemic. Program data indicate that the COVID-Indigenous Business Initiative has positively impacted Indigenous women-owned businesses served by the network of Aboriginal Financial Institutions and Métis Capital Corporations over the past two years. Approximately 30 per cent of all loans issued via the COVID-Indigenous Business Initiative were accessed by Indigenous women majority-owned businesses, and the National Aboriginal Capital Corporations Association estimates the network will retain many of the new clients served through the program, furthering progress toward the goal to increase the number of Indigenous women-owned businesses served by the network by 50 per cent by 2025.

Data Sources: Indigenous Services Canada, NACCA

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Firm growth

Target Population:

Indigenous peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous peoples

These measures are expected to directly benefit women, LGBTQ2 and gender-diverse members of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) by promoting a safe, healthy, and inclusive work environment, supporting improved physical and mental health outcomes, improved job performance, and having a positive impact on job satisfaction. Indirectly, these measures are expected to contribute to restoring confidence in military leadership and enhance the Canadian Armed Forces’ capacity to recruit and retain women, helping increase representation of women in the Forces from 17 to 25 per cent by 2026.

Data Sources: Department of National Defence

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Job satisfaction

Health – Unmet health care needs; Unmet needs for mental health care

Good Governance – Discrimination and unfair treatment; Confidence in institutions; Access to fair and equal justice

Target Population:

Women and Gender-Diverse Military Personnel

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

The measure is expected to benefit Black Canadians of various intersectional identities (e.g., gender, age, sexual orientation, socio-economic status). Specifically, enhancing the foundational capacity and resources of Black-led and Black-serving Canadian community organizations will enable them to better address the specific needs of Black Canadians and ultimately help promote social cohesion across the country.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Employment and Social Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Future outlook; Employment; Child, youth and adult skills

Society – Sense of belonging to local community; Positive perceptions of diversity; Participation in cultural or religious practices, recreation or sport; Volunteering

Good Governance – Discrimination and unfair treatment; Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Black Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Racialized People, Community Service Organizations

Indigenous communities across Canada, and especially northern and remote communities, are among the most exposed to the immediate and future impacts of climate change, due to their location and their close relationship with the land and its resources. A thawing permafrost, erosion, degrading infrastructure and melting ice roads can disrupt transportation systems and access to traditional food sources and profoundly affect the overall economic, physical and mental well-being of communities. This initiative recognizes these unique realities and will help to advance Indigenous climate priorities and create a path to advance codeveloped, collaborative, and inclusive climate actions.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Canada’s Changing Climate Report

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment

Environment – Natural disasters and emergencies; Climate change adaptation

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination; Discrimination and unfair treatment

Target Population:

Indigenous peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous peoples

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

Men are over-represented in the relevant sectors such as conservation and clean energy. To ensure that women’s voices are included in the development of an Indigenous Climate Leadership Agenda, this initiative will ensure participation from Indigenous women’s organizations such as the Native Women’s Association of Canada, Les Femmes Michif Otipemisiwak, and Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada.

Increased judicial capacity of superior courts helps improve access to justice for all Canadians by addressing court delays, ultimately strengthening the public’s confidence in the justice system. New judges are selected through a superior courts judicial appointment process that aims to achieve a gender-balanced bench, reflecting the diversity of Canadian society. Of the judges who have been appointed since October 2016, 57 per cent of appointees have identified as women, 4 per cent as Indigenous, 10 per cent as visible minorities, 1 per cent as a person with a disability, and 7 per cent as a member of the LGBTQ2 community.

Data Sources: Office of the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Positive perceptions of diversity

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Access to fair and equal justice; Resolution of serious legal problems; Representation in senior leadership positions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

This funding will directly benefit women and girls, notably those at higher risk of experiencing gender-based violence, including women and girls with disabilities; Black, Indigenous and racialized women and girls; immigrant and refugee women; LGBTQ2 people; and women living in northern, rural, and remote communities. These groups also face increased barriers in accessing supports and services due to systemic inequalities, such as sexism, racism, poverty, and discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender expression.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Gender-Based Violence Knowledge Centre

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Personal safety; Childhood maltreatment; Access to fair and equal justice

Target Population:

Women and girls, LGBTQ2

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

LGBTQ2, Racialized and Immigrant Women

The measure aims to benefit communities that have experienced racism and discrimination, such as Black and racialized groups, religious minorities, and Indigenous peoples. This funding is expected to significantly advance Canada’s efforts to address racism and hate, while fostering intercultural understanding and promoting social cohesion.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Sense of pride/belonging to Canada; Positive perceptions of diversity; Participation in cultural or religious practices, recreation or sport; Sense of belonging to local community

Good Governance – Discrimination and unfair treatment; Personal safety

Target Population:

Racialized Canadians, Indigenous Peoples and Other Minority Communities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Racialized Canadians, Indigenous Peoples and Other Minority Communities

This program supports forensic laboratories in Ontario and Quebec to undertake analysis of DNA samples found at crime scenes and helps law enforcement investigate and prosecute offences, such as violent crimes. This program can impact men and women in different ways. For example, while men represent the majority of homicide victims, women and girls, LGBTQ2 people, residents of rural and remote communities and persons with disabilities are at higher risk of being victims of violent crime.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Access to fair and equal justice; Confidence in institutions; Personal safety

Target Population:

Victims of Crimes

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Residents of Ontario and Quebec, Women and Girls, LGBTQ2, Rural and Remote Communities, Persons with Disabilities

Economically-disadvantaged asylum seekers benefit from immigration and refugee legal aid services. The demographic composition of asylum seekers changes, but many are members of racial, ethnic, linguistic, cultural and religious minorities, as well as LGBTQ2 individuals. While asylum seekers come from all over the world, in 2020, ten countries accounted for 59 per cent of all in-Canada asylum claims, with nine of the ten from Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa. Seven have neither English nor French as an official language.

Data Sources: Immigration and Refugee Board

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Sense of pride/belonging to Canada

Good Governance – Access to fair and equal justice; Confidence in institutions; Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

Asylum Seekers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Visible Minority Communities, English or French Language Learners, LGBTQ2

A fair and effective asylum system benefits all Canadians, as it allows newcomers who arrive in Canada fleeing persecution to smoothly and rapidly settle and integrate into Canadian society and contribute to local communities. Women account for approximately half of all asylum claims, while women fleeing domestic violence accounted for 18 per cent of refugee claims finalized in 2020. A stable and effective asylum system benefits LGBTQ2 people fleeing persecution, with 7.5 per cent of refugee claims made in Canada in 2020 citing persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.

Data Sources: Internal Program Administrative Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – GDP per capita

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

Newcomers Seeking Asylum

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Visible Minorities, LGBTQ2

Supporting the full and effective implementation of the United Nations (UN) Declaration Act is key to advancing reconciliation. This work will benefit Indigenous peoples, in a gender-balanced way, by ensuring that laws, policies and programs are fair and equally accessible to all Canadians. It is likely to benefit youth and future generations, as advances made pursuant to the Act will be forward-looking. Over the long term, implementation of the UN Declaration Act will help to build trust and confidence in Canadian institutions.

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination; Discrimination and unfair treatment; Access to fair and equal justice;

Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Indigenous peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous Peoples

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

Justice Canada will work proactively to ensure that the voices of Indigenous women, youth, Elders, 2SLGBTQQiA+ persons, and persons with disabilities are heard throughout the co-development of the Action Plan to implement the Act. Indigenous organizations representing diverse perspectives have been and will continue to be advised of the call for proposals, and targeted outreach to these groups will enable equitable contributions by all Indigenous peoples impacted by the process. Applicants for engagement funding will be required to outline how they will engage with diverse individuals within their communities, and funding recipients will need to report on engagement outcomes in their project reporting.

According to Census 2016, 52.2 per cent of children in foster care in Canada are Indigenous, but Indigenous children account for only 7.7 per cent of the child population. Proposed investments will support the implementation of the Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families to support Indigenous jurisdiction over the design and delivery of child welfare services and help address the overrepresentation of Indigenous children in the child welfare system. These measures will benefit children and families in communities that are exercising jurisdiction over child welfare such as Wabaseemoong Independent Nations, and in particular Indigenous children and their parents from low income families and single parent households, who are more likely than other children to enter the child welfare system.

Data Sources: 2016 Census of population, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Financial well-being

Health – Children vulnerable in early development

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

Indigenous children and families

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous children and families

This measure will benefit First Nations, Inuit and Métis in a gender-balanced way and contribute to healing the intergenerational trauma caused by the residential schools system. It will have a direct impact on survivors who are adults and seniors, but will indirectly impact both children and youth, as healing is expected to have broader community benefits. Supporting community-led efforts to locate and memorialize burial sites will help to address the ongoing legacy of residential schools in a way that is meaningful to families, survivors, and communities.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Participation in cultural or religious practices; recreation or sport; Positive perceptions of diversity

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

Indigenous peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous peoples

This amendment to the Corrections and Conditional Release Act will directly benefit women inmates in federal correctional institutions by prohibiting the use of dry cells for the seizure of contraband in the vaginal cavity. It will ensure greater respect for human dignity in federal correctional institutions by requiring the Correctional Service of Canada to use other means to better detect contraband in these circumstances. Women inmates are statistically more likely than the general Canadian population to be of Indigenous heritage, lower-educated, lower-income, and have mental health issues.

Data Sources: Correctional Service of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Self-rated mental health; Self-rated health

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Discrimination and unfair treatment

Target Population:

Federally-sentenced Women

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous Peoples, Persons with Mental Health Issues

Criminal legal aid services support economically-disadvantaged Canadians. In 2019-20, 78 per cent of criminal legal aid clients were men and 48 per cent were between the ages of 18 and 34.

Groups that are overrepresented in the criminal justice system may also benefit from criminal legal aid services, including Indigenous peoples, Black Canadians, as well as those with mental health or problematic substance use issues. In 2019-20, 30 per cent of adults admitted to correctional facilities identified as Indigenous, compared to 5 per cent of the general population. In the same year, there were 56,691 legal aid clients who self-identified as Indigenous in the provinces and territories that collect this data. Out of these clients, 76 per cent accessed criminal legal aid services. Evidence also suggests that Black Canadians are over-represented among legal aid clients. For example, Legal Aid Ontario has reported that 14 per cent of criminal legal aid clients identified as Black in 2019-20, despite representing approximately 5 per cent of the general population. The justice system can be the first point of contact for accessing mental health and addictions services for people who have never accessed these supports before. In 2016, Legal Aid Ontario estimated that one in three clients experienced mental health or addiction issues.

Data Sources: Justice Canada; Statistics Canada; Legal Aid Ontario

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Access to fair and equal justice; Resolution of serious legal problems; Confidence in institutions; Representation in corrections custodial population

Target Population:

Economically-Disadvantaged Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous Peoples; Black Canadians; People with mental health or substance abuse issues

This initiative is expected to benefit all high performance athletes, but will particularly benefit women and persons from equity-deserving groups, including persons with a disability, LGBTQ2, and racial and ethnic communities, as they disproportionally experience sexual harassment, abuse or discrimination. This initiative will especially benefit people with lower incomes, who might not be able to afford systemic support otherwise. While peak performance differs from sport to sport, high-performance athletes tend to be younger (below 35 years of age). Supporting sport organizations with information and recommendations to adapt current policies and practices for safety and inclusivity will reduce the risk of harassment on equity-deserving groups. Safe and inclusive sport will result in more women and people in equity-deserving groups participating and staying in sport.

Data Sources: Sport Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Participation in cultural or religious practices, recreation or sport

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Access to fair and equal justice (civil and criminal);
Discrimination and unfair treatment

Target Population:

High performance athletes

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Improved access to dental care is expected to benefit Canadians with family incomes below $90,000 who lack dental care coverage and currently have to pay out of pocket. The 2018 Canadian Community Health Survey suggests that that Canadians without insurance were about three times as likely as those with insurance to avoid seeing a dental professional because of cost (39.1 per cent versus 13.7 per cent).

Low-income Canadians have both the highest level of oral health problems and the most difficulty accessing oral health care. Women (24.1 per cent) were more likely than men (20.6 per cent) to report cost as a barrier. Canadians aged 18 to 34 (28.3 per cent) were the age group most likely to report cost as a barrier to dental care. Women from low-income groups have higher incidence of oral health issues like untreated dental decay, missing teeth and oral pain compared to men in the same income groups. Indigenous peoples suffer from some of the highest oral disease rates in Canada. Canadians living in rural and remote areas face greater challenges accessing care due to lack of availability. Finally, a new dental care program is expected to indirectly benefit dental professionals who would likely see increased demand for services. Women comprise nearly eight out of ten people working in the dental sector.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Financial well-being

Health – Access to supplementary health insurance; Unmet health care needs; Health-adjusted life expectancy

Target Population:

Canadians without dental insurance with family incomes less than $90K

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous Peoples

The development of a mental health fund for Black federal public servants will benefit Black employees in the federal public service, who have been found to disproportionately face factors that undermine a psychologically healthy and safe workplace, in addition to discrimination and inequities outside of the workplace.

Health – Self-rated mental health; Unmet needs for mental health care

Good Governance – Discrimination and unfair treatment

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Children and youth make up 46.8 per cent of Wellness Together Canada portal visitors and users, and 39 per cent of visitors to the portal are men, a population that tends not to seek help as often as women. Early user feedback surveys indicate that the portal has a higher proportional representation of respondents among ethnic and minority communities and among LGBTQ2 communities. The portal benefits people who have barriers accessing care, including those in isolated or remote areas, facing stigma, or financial difficulties and minority language communities

Data Sources: Wellness Together Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Self-rated mental health; Unmet needs for mental health care

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Remote Communities, Minority Language Communities, LGBTQ2

By making menstrual products more accessible, this fund will benefit women and girls, non-binary, and trans people who menstruate. One study found that nearly a quarter of Canadian women, and a third of women under age 25, have struggled to afford menstrual products for themselves or their dependants. Additionally, 68 per cent of Canadian women and girls (83 per cent under age 25) felt their period prevented them from full participation in an activity, and 55 per cent of women and girls (70 per cent under age 25) have missed school, work, or social activities due to their period. Cost barriers to accessing menstrual supplies disproportionately affects people with lower incomes.

Data Sources: Plan International

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Unmet health care needs

Society – Participation in cultural or religious practices, recreation, or sport

Target Population:

Women, Girls, Trans, and Non-binary

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Trans and Non-Binary Canadians

Addressing homelessness will directly benefit people at risk of or experiencing homelessness. Homelessness affects a diverse population, though certain groups are overrepresented. In 2018 Indigenous people represented 30 per cent of shelter users despite accounting for 5 per cent of the population. Men represented 62 per cent of shelter users. Women may be underestimated due to lack of data from domestic violence shelters, and the different ways women experience homelessness. People aged 25 to 49 made up 50 per cent of shelter users, compared to 33 per cent of population. In addition, per the 2020 Metro Vancouver Homelessness count, 36 per cent of unhoused respondents reported a physical disability and 23 per cent reported a learning disability or cognitive impairment. We also know that veterans are more likely to experience chronic homelessness than non-veterans, particularly over longer periods of time.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada, Metro Vancouver Homelessness Count

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Homelessness; Acceptable housing; Financial well-being

Health – Unmet needs for health and mental health care; Health-adjusted life expectancy; Self-rated mental health

Society – Sense of belonging to local community; Someone to count on

Target Population:

People experiencing or at risk of homelessness

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous Peoples, Urban Populations, Veterans

The Rapid Housing Initiative requires all units to be targeted to people and populations who are vulnerable and who are, or otherwise would be, in severe housing need. While specific data on those in severe housing need is limited, those experiencing homelessness are an important subset of this group. Homelessness affects a diverse population, with certain groups overrepresented. In 2018 Indigenous people represented 30 per cent of shelter users despite accounting for 5 per cent of the population. Men represented 62 per cent of shelter userthe construction trades.s. Women may be underestimated due to lack of data from domestic violence shelters, and the different ways women experience homelessness. People aged 25 to 49 made up 50 per cent of shelter users, compared to 33 per cent of population. In addition, per the 2020 Metro Vancouver Homelessness count, 36 per cent of unhoused respondents reported a physical disability and 23 per cent reported a learning disability or cognitive impairment. We also know that veterans are more likely to experience chronic homelessness than non-veterans, particularly over longer periods of time. Workers in the construction sector, which is dominated by men, are expected to indirectly benefit from the additional housing construction activity resulting from this measure.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada, Metro Vancouver Homelessness Count

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Homelessness; Acceptable housing; Financial well-being

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Target Population:

People in severe housing need and people experiencing or at risk of homelessness.

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Since this measure will conduct research at five demonstration sites, in the short term, benefits will accrue primarily to those communities. In the medium term, it is expected that this research will benefit people and families who are experiencing or at-risk of homelessness, as well as those working in the homelessness-serving sector. Homeless support sector employees are predominantly women (77 per cent). Homelessness affects a diverse population, though certain groups are overrepresented. In 2018 Indigenous people represented 30 per cent of shelter users despite accounting for 5 per cent of the population. Men represented 62 per cent of shelter users. Women may be underestimated due to lack of data from domestic violence shelters, and the different ways women experience homelessness. People aged 25 to 49 made up 50 per cent of shelter users, compared to 33 per cent of population. In addition, per the 2020 Metro Vancouver Homelessness count, 36 per cent of unhoused respondents reported a physical disability and 23 per cent reported a learning disability or cognitive impairment. We also know that veterans are more likely to experience chronic homelessness than non-veterans, particularly over longer periods of time.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Statistics Canada, Metro Vancouver Homelessness Count

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Homelessness

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Target Population:

People experiencing or at risk of homelessness

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

This measure would directly benefit veterans experiencing or at risk of homelessness, through the provision of wrap-around services, including supports for physical and mental health, and rent supplements. Based on the available data, it is estimated that there are more than 2,500 veterans experiencing homelessness in Canada, representing 0.4 per cent of veterans. Approximately 83 per cent of veterans experiencing homelessness are men, 14 per cent are women, and 3 per cent are gender diverse. Veterans are more likely to experience chronic homelessness than non-veterans, particularly over longer periods of time. People in the homelessness support sector and/or the veteran servicing sector may benefit indirectly through additional funding or employment opportunities. Workers in the homelessness support sector are more likely to be located in large urban centres (65 per cent) and are predominately women (77 per cent). Indigenous people are more highly represented in these jobs (11 per cent) compared to their representation in the total workforce (4 per cent).

Data Sources: Internal administrative data (emergency shelter data), Statistics Canada, Veterans Affairs Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Homelessness; Employment

Health – Self-rated mental health; Self-rated health; Unmet needs for mental health care; Unmet health care needs

Society – Sense of pride/belonging to Canada

Target Population:

Veterans experiencing homelessness or at risk of homelessness

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Increasing the focus of eligibility criteria under the Rental Construction Financing Initiative will benefit all Canadians experiencing housing affordability challenges, particularly those in National Housing Strategy priority groups such as persons with disabilities, Black and racialized groups, and Indigenous peoples. There is evidence that women have a higher incidence of core housing need (9.7 per cent), compared to men (8.2 per cent), with larger gaps for certain demographics including single parents, racialized groups, and seniors.

Strengthening the energy efficiency requirements for this program will also benefit all Canadians, as projects funded by the initiative will produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the environmental footprint of these new homes.

Data Sources: CMHC; Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions

Target Population:

Those experiencing housing affordability challenges

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Indigenous Peoples, Racialized Groups, Persons with Disabilities, Single Parents who are Women, Racialized Women.

Expanded co-operative housing supply will benefit all Canadians experiencing housing affordability challenges, particularly those in National Housing Strategy priority groups such as persons with disabilities, racialized groups, and Indigenous peoples. There is evidence that women have a higher incidence of core housing need (9.7 per cent), compared to men-led (8.2 per cent), with larger gaps for certain demographics including single parents, racialized groups, and seniors. This measure will increase activity in the construction industry, whose employees are mainly men (87 per cent).

Data Sources: Statistics Canada; CMHC

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing; Future outlookEnvironment – Greenhouse gas emissions

Society – Accessible environments; Sense of belonging to local community

Target Population:

Those experiencing housing affordability challenges

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Additional Characteristics:

Indigenous Peoples, Racialized Groups, Persons with Disabilities, Single Parents who are Women, Racialized Women.

Accelerating the building and repair of affordable housing would benefit all Canadians experiencing housing affordability challenges, including National Housing Strategy priority groups such as persons with disabilities, racialized groups, and Indigenous peoples. As of December 31, 2021 approximately 75 per cent of units created through the National Housing Co-Investment Fund are non-standard, which are often used by priority groups. There is evidence that women have a higher incidence of core housing need (9.7 per cent), compared to men-led (8.2 per cent), with larger gaps for certain demographics including single-parents, racialized groups, and seniors. Men will also benefit as they represent 62 per cent of the homeless population and will be supported by the increased number of shelter units. Furthermore, this measure will increase activity in the construction industry, whose employees are mainly men (87 per cent).

Data Sources: Statistics Canada; CMHC; ESDC

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing; Future outlook

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions

Society – Accessible environments; Sense of belonging to local community

Target Population:

Those Experiencing Housing Affordability Challenges

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous Peoples, Racialized Groups, Persons with Disabilities, Single Parents who are Women, Racialized Women

This measure will ensure that the approximately 955,000 workers in the federally regulated private sector have access to the time they need to recover from the physical and psychological trauma resulting from pregnancy loss. Women make up 38 per cent of the federally-regulated private sector workforce and are expected to be the primary beneficiaries from this measure given the physical experience of miscarriage or stillbirth. Men will also have access to this leave, which would allow them to grieve the loss of a partner’s pregnancy or their stillborn child. Persons with disabilities may have a higher risk of miscarriage or stillbirth than those without a disability. This measure would also ensure that employees do not lose out on employment opportunities for having to take time off to recover from a miscarriage or stillbirth.

Data Sources: Employment and Social Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Protection from income shocks

Health – Self-rated mental health

Target Population:

Workers in federally regulated private sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

This measure will continue to contribute to closing the gap in mental health and wellness outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians. It is expected to have a gender-balanced impact, focusing on increasing access to mental wellness services for Indigenous peoples and communities. These strategies will also work to meet the unique needs of vulnerable populations including seniors and members of the LGBTQ2 community.

Data Sources: internal administrative data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Self-rated mental health; Unmet needs for mental health care

Society – Loneliness; Participation in cultural or religious practices, recreation or sport; Sense of belonging to local community

Target Population:

Indigenous peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous peoples

This measure would support Indigenous communities to continue to respond to the pandemic, improve access to health care and have a positive impact on the health of First Nations who live in remote and isolated on-reserve communities. Resources for public health help prevent people from needing more costly urgent care. At the same time, funding for primary care nurses helps to ensure community wellness by responding to outbreaks and addressing critical health needs. Low-income people are expected to particularly benefit from this measure. It will also benefit Indigenous women, as nearly 93 per cent of Indigenous nurses are women, and they are disproportionately home and community caregivers. These investments will also benefit seniors who often have increased care needs.

Data Sources: ISC Epidemiological Summary; Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Health-adjusted life expectancy; Self-rated mental health; Unmet health care needs

Target Population:

First Nations communities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous peoples, Low-Income

This measure will benefit First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples by improving access to suitable, adequate and affordable housing, within Indigenous, urban, rural and northern communities. Improved housing conditions will contribute to the mental and physical health of all community members. Overcrowded housing in Indigenous communities, particularly in the North, is linked with increased risk of respiratory and other illnesses (for example, active tuberculosis rates for Inuit living in Inuit Nunangat are 300 times higher than the Canadian-born, non-Indigenous population). The Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls also identified poverty and insecure housing/homelessness as critical risk factors that disproportionately affect Indigenous women, girls and two-spirit people. Indirect benefits resulting from construction and repair are expected to disproportionately benefit men, while women are more likely to be employed in housing management and service coordination roles. These investments will support local economies, particularly in rural and remote parts of the country.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing; Homelessness; Future outlook

Health – Self-rated health; Self-rated mental health; Children vulnerable in early development

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination; Personal safety

Target Population:

Indigenous peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous peoples, Families/Children, Rural and Remote Regions

Infrastructure improvements contribute to the health and well-being, quality of life, and economic prosperity of First Nations communities. Vulnerable groups, including pregnant people, seniors, persons with disabilities, and children, may disproportionately feel the health impacts of water advisories. Poor water and sanitation conditions can also disproportionately affect primary care givers, generally women, seniors, or youth.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Future outlook; Productivity

Health – Health-adjusted life expectancy; Self-rated health; Self-rated mental health

Environment – Clean drinking water; Satisfaction with local environment

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

First Nations

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous peoples, notably vulnerable groups

This measure would support residents that experience greater rates of housing need in Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Indigenous people in the North experience particularly high rates of housing need, with 44.4 per cent of households in Nunavut, 22.3 per cent in Northwest Territories, and 24.1 per cent in Yukon living in unsuitable, inadequate, or unaffordable housing conditions. Overcrowded housing and housing in poor repair is associated with serious health, mental health and social consequences. Indirect impacts likely to favour men, given their dominance in the construction trades.

Data Sources: CMHC, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing

Health – Self-rated health; Self-rated mental health

Society – Satisfaction with personal relationships (family and friends)

Good Governance - Personal safety

Target Population:

Residents experiencing housing needs in Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Indigenous Peoples, Northern residents

Jordan’s Principle benefits First Nations girls and boys across the country, and in particular those with higher support needs such as children with disabilities. First Nations face disproportionately high rates of poverty, in addition to other systemic barriers that prevent First Nations children from accessing services and supports that are available to non-Indigenous children. This measure will help ensure substantive equality for First Nations children through the provision of health, social, and educational services that meet their unique needs. These supports also benefit First Nations families more broadly, including parents, who are more likely to be under the age of majority than non-Indigenous parents.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Program data

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Children vulnerable in early development; Unmet health care needs; Self-rated health and mental health

Society – Satisfaction with personal relationships (family and friends); Accessible environments

Good Governance – Discrimination and unfair treatment

Target Population:

First Nations Children

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Children with Disabilities, First Nations

LGBTQ2 Canadians continue to face health, social, and economic inequalities when compared with non-LGBTQ2 Canadians. Recognizing the diversity of LGBTQ2 communities, the Federal LGBTQ2 Action Plan will coordinate federal initiatives to remove systemic barriers on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, together with intersecting identity factors such as race, age, and economic status. While the target population is LGBTQ2 communities, the action plan will indirectly further promote equality, equity, and inclusion in Canada.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Unmet needs for mental health care; Self-rated mental health

Society – Sense of belonging to local community; Positive perceptions of diversity;

Participation in cultural or religious practices, recreation or sport

Good Governance – Discrimination and unfair treatment

Target Population:

LGBTQ2

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

LGBTQ2

Community-based projects funded by the New Horizons for Seniors Program in 2016-17 included one or more of the following seniors populations: persons with disabilities (43 per cent), visible minorities (29 per cent), Indigenous peoples (19 per cent), and Francophones outside Quebec (11 per cent). It is expected that the proposed funding expansion will support projects with similar characteristics. Additional projects would positively affect seniors’ sense of belonging: for example, loneliness and social isolation can significantly worsen health and mental health outcomes. Measures recommended by the expert panel on an Aging at Home Benefit and then implemented could have significant effects, but that would be subject to a separate assessment based on the final recommendations of the expert panel.

Data Sources: New Horizons for Seniors Program administrative data, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Self-rated mental health; Health-adjusted life expectancy

Society – Sense of belonging to local community; Loneliness; Participation in cultural or religious practices, recreation or sport

Target Population:

Seniors

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Persons with Disabilities

Intellectual disabilities affect Canadians across the full socio-economic spectrum, and therefore Special Olympics Canada serves a very diverse community. The initiative would benefit persons with intellectual disabilities and their families, contributing to the development of healthier athletes, helping combat negative stereotypes and discrimination, and providing opportunities for the development of community volunteers.

Data Sources: Special Olympics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Physical activity; Self-rated mental health

Society – Accessible environments; Sense of belonging to local community; Participation in cultural or religious practices, recreation or sport; Positive perceptions of diversity

Good Governance – Discrimination and unfair treatment

Target Population:

Persons with an Intellectual Disability

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Persons with Disabilities

While rates of overdose were beginning to decrease in late 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic compounded the opioid crisis. Between January 2016 and September 2021, 26,690 Canadians died as a result of an opioid-related overdose, making it one of the deadliest public health crises in a generation. The Substance Use and Addictions Program will help to address the opioid overdose crisis and reach people dealing with problematic substance use by providing harm-reduction services and treatments. Those at increased risk include young and middle-aged men, Indigenous peoples and LGBTQ2 people. Men account for roughly 75 per cent of opioid-related deaths, and men aged 19 to 59, specifically, account for more than half of deaths.

Data Sources: Canadian Institute of Health Information, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Health-adjusted life expectancy; Self-rated mental health; Unmet health care needs;

Unmet needs for mental health care

Target Population:

Canadians with problematic substance use

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Young and Middle Aged Men, Indigenous Peoples, LGBTQ2

Efforts to strengthen and protect democracy are expected to benefit all Canadians. Recognizing that malignant actors target, exploit, and sometimes co-opt marginalized and vulnerable groups in their efforts to undermine social cohesion, the programming will put added emphasis on uncovering these actors and their methods. Raising awareness of these issues among Canadians will benefit not only marginalized and vulnerable populations, but all peoples and populations across social, economic and political spectrums.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, other external sources.

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Trust in others

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world; Confidence in institutions; Misinformation/trust in media

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Marginalized and Vulnerable Groups

Canada is contributing to international efforts to address global health priorities, including providing further support to address the COVID-19 pandemic and improve global health security. These measures strengthen Canada’s place in the world as a longstanding contributor in advancing the health status of marginalized groups. These measures will assist people in low- and middle-income countries, including women and girls in all their diversity. The funding will be delivered under Canada’s Feminist International Assistance Policy, which aims to ensure that development efforts reach the poorest and most marginalized and lead to better results that benefit all.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, administrative data from international organizations including World Health Organization and UN Women.

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Health-adjusted life expectancy

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

People in Other Countries

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

These measures contains elements to promote access to health services and products for those who may be in vulnerable situations or marginalized, including women and girls. Canada supports implementing partners that consider the needs of program recipients at all stages of programming to help identify potential barriers and better promote access to health services and products.

This programming will help vulnerable populations affected by the war in Ukraine by addressing immediate humanitarian needs, such as food insecurity and emergency health services. In addition, it will help refugees, the majority of whom are women, children and the elderly. By working with reputable partners in the region, low income, LGBTQ2, racialized people, the elderly and persons with disabilities can be expected to receive a significant portion of this assistance.

Data Sources: International organizations such as the United Nations

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

People in Other Countries

This measure would benefit Canadians experiencing housing affordability challenges. According to Statistics Canada, 6,400,000 people lived in unaffordable housing in Canada in 2018. Disproportionate among those were racialized groups, which represent 36 per cent of those living in unaffordable housing, while representing 22 per cent of the population. Also disproportionate among those living in unaffordable housing were seniors living alone, and immigrants. We also know that persons with disabilities are more likely to experience core housing need. In 2012, 549,500 persons with disabilities (or 15.3%) were living in households in core housing need compared to 2,082,700 persons without disabilities (or 9.2%). Workers in the construction sector, which is dominated by men, are expected to indirectly benefit from the additional housing construction activity resulting from this measure.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, CMHC

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing; Financial well-being

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

People experiencing housing affordability challenges

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Racialized Groups, Urban Residents, Seniors living Alone, Immigrants, Persons with Disabilities

This measure is expected to improve the fiscal situation of cities across Canada and to carry benefits for people living in cities, notably larger cities with significant public transit ridership. In particular, it may save municipalities from reducing capital investments, including in public transit, in order to fund transit operating shortfalls. It may therefore tend to benefit women, youth and members of equity-seeking or vulnerable communities, who are more likely to use public transit than other demographic groups. In the context of housing, this measure will benefit those experiencing housing affordability challenges, which may include racialized groups and lower income Canadians, including seniors living alone and immigrants.

Data Sources: Canadian Urban Transit Association, University of Alberta, Federation of Canadian Municipalities, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing

Environment – Access to public transit

Target Population:

Public transit users

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Urban Populations, Canadians in Housing Need

This measure directly benefits families seeking to establish a multigenerational household for a senior or adult with a disability through the construction of a secondary suite. This represents a broadly gender-balanced group, as women make up 54 per cent of Canadians 65 years of age and older and 48 per cent of eligible adults with disabilities who are under age 65. Indigenous, Northern, new and racialized Canadians are more likely to live in multigenerational families; however, these groups are less likely to be homeowners.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, tax filer data

Quality of Life Impacts:

Prosperity – Household wealth; Acceptable housing; Financial well-being

Health – Home care needs met

Society – Accessible environments; Loneliness; Sense of belonging to local community

Target Population:

Seniors, Persons with Disabilities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Multigenerational Families

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

The Multigenerational Home Renovation Tax Credit will be implemented as a refundable tax credit, which would provide a tax refund in cases where an individual does not have any taxes owing. This could improve access to the measure for some low-income families.

This measure will contribute to making buildings and homes energy efficient and comfortable. This increase in building efficiency will also reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants associated with heating, cooling and powering buildings and homes, which will have both positive environmental and health impacts. These activities will indirectly benefit building operators and homeowners, who will save on energy costs. In addition, they will also indirectly benefit those employed in trades and environment and clean technology fields relevant to energy efficient retrofits and construction, which are dominated by men.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, CanMET Energy, ECO Canada, International Energy Agency, World Health Organization

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing; Employment

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Air quality

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Low-Income Canadians

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

The development of the Canada Green Buildings Strategy will include skills training and capacity-building support aimed at equity-seeking groups (e.g. women and other gender-diverse people, Indigenous peoples, racialized Canadians, and persons with disabilities). This will help to create more equitable opportunities in education and skills development in the energy efficiency workforce.

Supporting energy efficient retrofits in affordable housing will benefit all Canadians through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. This initiative will target community housing neighbourhoods, and so will also directly benefit those living in community housing, which include many vulnerable groups such as low-income, Black and racialized communities, and low-income women and their children. Increasing the efficiency of these homes will reduce energy costs, which will benefit low-income households through reduced energy bills. This initiative will indirectly benefit businesses and those employed in trades relevant to energy efficient retrofits. This includes the engineering, architect and construction sectors involved in energy efficient retrofits. In 2018, 18 per cent of the energy efficiency workforce was women.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Green Buildings Council, Pembina Institute

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing; Financial well-being

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Low-Income Canadians

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

This program will focus skills training and retrofit inclusion on women, Indigenous and racialized people to bring greater employment opportunities to underrepresented Canadians in the energy efficiency sector. Where feasible, employment opportunities can be reserved for local residents of the low-income housing demonstration sites.

The improved capacity to build or retrofit homes with more innovative, low-carbon, or safer building materials and to do so more efficiently is expected to benefit all Canadians given the positive impacts for climate change adaptation and the supply of housing, with younger generations experiencing benefits down the road of increased climate action today. Low-income households can be expected to benefit, as they experience the highest relative savings from home retrofits. Indirect employment benefits are expected to the construction sector, which predominantly employs men. As recorded in the 2016 Census, of those employed in the construction sector, 87 per cent identified as men, 18 per cent identified as immigrants, and 11 per cent identified as visible minorities, including 2 per cent who identified as Black Canadians.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada; Giandomenico L., Papineau M., and Rivers N. (2020)

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Investment in R&D; Productivity; Employment; Firm growth

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Air quality; Climate change adaptation

Target Population:

All Canadians; rural and remote

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Construction and Engineering Sectors

Supporting energy efficient retrofits in affordable housing will benefit all Canadians through reduced greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants from heating, cooling and powering homes. It will also directly benefit low-income housing providers and those living in affordable housing, which includes many vulnerable groups such as the economically disadvantaged, Black and racialized communities, low-income women and their children, seniors and persons with disabilities through lower energy costs and more comfortable housing. According to the 2016 census, households living in affordable housing had the following characteristics: 71 per cent were households that included members with a disability, 93 per cent were women lone-parent families, 34 per cent were households that included seniors, 12 per cent identified as an Indigenous household (compared to 6 per cent Indigenous households living in non-subsidized rental housing) and 45 per cent had household incomes less than $20,000 before tax. This initiative will indirectly benefit businesses and those employed in trades relevant to energy efficient retrofits, including construction, which are dominated by men.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing; Financial well-being

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Air quality

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Low-Income Canadians

This measure will provide additional support to Canadians across the country facing housing affordability challenges, including those in core housing need. There is evidence that women have a somewhat higher incidence of core housing need (9.7 per cent), compared to men (8.2 per cent), with larger gaps for certain demographics including single parents, racialized groups, and seniors.

Data Sources: CMHC, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing; Homelessness; Financial well-being

Target Population:

Those experiencing housing affordability challenges

GBA+ Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Single Parents who are Women, Racialized Women

This measure is aimed at benefiting first-time homebuyers. Low-income Canadians are less likely to be first-time homebuyers than are higher income Canadians, and thus less likely to benefit. At the same time, first-time homebuyers are predominantly middle-income Canadians. First-time homebuyers are disproportionately aged 20-40. Men are more likely than women to access the full benefits of the existing Home Buyers’ Plan, suggesting that they would also be more likely to benefit from the FHSA. In addition, certain visible minority populations have below average homeownership rates, in particular Black, Arab, Indigenous peoples, Latin American, West Asian, Korean, and Filipino populations. As such, these groups could be less likely to benefit from this measure. The combination of deductible contributions and non-taxable withdrawals means that the measure provides the largest benefits to higher-income first-time home buyers, as they face higher marginal tax rates and have a greater ability to save for a down payment.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, T1 Administrative Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Household wealth; Financial well-being; Future outlook

Target Population:

First-time Homebuyers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This measure is aimed at benefiting first-time homebuyers. Low-income Canadians are less likely to be first-time homebuyers than are higher income Canadians, and thus less likely to benefit. The benefits of this measure are roughly balanced across genders. First-time homebuyers are disproportionately ages 20-40. In addition, certain visible minority populations have beloSociety – Sensew average homeownership rates, in particular, Black, Arab, Indigenous peoples, Latin American, West Asian, Korean, and Filipino populations. The security associated with home ownership can increase stability and help homeowners feel a part of community life.

Data Sources: T1 Administrative Data, Statistics Canada, US Dept of Housing and Urban Development

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing; Household wealth; Future outlook

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Target Population:

First-time Homebuyers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Extending the First-Time Home Buyer Incentive through March 2025 will continue to benefit middle-income Canadians facing housing affordability gaps. Millennials are expected to remain the main beneficiaries of the extension, as they represent about 85 per cent of program participants to date. The benefits of this measure are roughly balanced across genders. Low-income Canadians are less likely to be first-time home buyers than higher-income Canadians, and thus less likely to benefit. In addition, certain visible minority populations have below average homeownership rates.

Data Sources: CMHC, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Household wealth; Future outlook

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Target Population:

First-time Home Buyers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Middle-income Millennials, Urban Centres

This programming aims to benefit people that rent and face obstacles to home ownership, such as saving for a down payment or improving their credit profile for mortgage qualification. Expected beneficiaries include young adults and new Canadians, such as first-time home buyers and those living in larger urban centres where housing affordability challenges are more pronounced. Expected beneficiaries are middle-income, with sufficient financial means to transition to home ownership through future mortgage qualification. As programming is also intended to support the construction or renewal of housing units for rent-to-own purposes, other expected beneficiaries include builders, developers, and tradespeople. From an environmental standpoint, projects must meet higher energy efficiency and emissions reduction thresholds than required by building codes.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, CMHC

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing; Household wealth

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Target Population:

Middle-Income Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Renters and Prospective Homeowners, Construction Sector, Urban Centres

The intention of this ban is to help stabilize residential real estate prices in Canada in order to make housing more affordable for middle-income Canadians. While the ban will be national in scope, it is expected to principally impact larger urban areas where there has been more foreign buyer activity. Exemptions will be provided for groups such as refugees, and certain international students and foreign workers, to ensure they are not adversely affected and continue to have access to the Canadian housing market.

Data Sources: CMHC, Statistics Canada, BC Data Catalogue

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing; Household wealth

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This measure is aimed at reducing speculative demand in the housing market, which could benefit homebuyers, in particular first-time homebuyers who are just entering the market. Low-income people are less likely to be first-time homebuyers than are higher-income people, and thus less likely to benefit. First-time homebuyers are disproportionally aged 20-40. In addition, certain visible minority populations have below average homeownership rates, in particular Black, Arab, Indigenous peoples, Latin American, West Asian, Korean, and Filipino populations. As such, these groups may be less likely to benefit from this measure. The new rule would directly affect people that are flipping properties. These people have higher incomes compared to the distribution of all tax filers, they are regionally concentrated in Ontario and BC and they are concentrated in the 25-49 age bracket.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Tax Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio; Acceptable housing

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

First-time Homebuyers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This measure is a tax integrity measure aimed at protecting the tax base and therefore benefits all Canadians. The measure would negatively impact certain people making assignment sales by reducing their after-tax profit on their assignment sales. People making assignment sales typically have higher incomes compared to the distribution of all tax filers and are also regionally concentrated in Canada’s larger urban centres.

Data Sources: Canada Revenue Agency, Internal Administrative Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This initiative will benefit homeowners in Quebec whose homes were built in the 1990s and 2000s with foundations containing pyrrhotite-contaminated concrete. Many of these homes had serious and costly structural problems, resulting in a significant disruption to their lives.

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Household wealth; Acceptable housing; Financial well-being

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Homeowners in the region of Trois-Rivières, Québec

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

The Canada Growth Fund is expected to benefit all Canadians by increasing the pace and scale of investment into decarbonization and clean technology projects. By increasing investment in this area, the fund is expected to have a positive impact on job growth, leading to benefits for workers especially in the construction and operation and maintenance sectors as well as for engineers, architects, electricians, etc. Additionally, as reductions to greenhouse gas emissions will be realized over the longer term, this measure is anticipated to benefit younger Canadians.

Data Sources: Environment Canada, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth, GDP per capita

Environment - Greenhouse gas emissions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Younger Canadians, Canadian Workers in Clean Tech

Support delivered by the Innovation and Investment Agency will target incorporated, for-profit operated, Canadian businesses operating in all sectors of the Canadian economy. In 2017, 64 per cent of Small-and Medium Enterprises (SME) were majority-owned by men. Additionally, it is expected that this measure will create an increase in employment demand for highly educated people, particularly those with expertise in STEM fields. Although women represent 78 per cent of post-secondary sciences graduates in the field of biological science, men represent the majority of post-secondary graduates in the fields of mathematics (57 per cent), physical and chemical sciences (68 per cent), engineering (81 per cent), and computer science (84 per cent). Given the demographic composition of SME ownership in Canada, as well as the demographic composition of people with degrees in fields of STEM, funding delivered through the Agency is expected to disproportionately benefit White men. In the medium to longer term, the Agency is expected to benefit all Canadians by supporting clean economic growth and improving living standards.

Data Sources: Department of ISED (Key Business Statistics 2020), Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – GDP per capita; Productivity; Investment in R&D; Firm growth

Environment – Climate change adaptation

Target Population:

Small-and Medium Enterprises

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

All Sectors

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

The Government of Canada has launched a number of initiatives aimed at increasing the participation of under-represented groups in the fields of STEM, for example CanCode and Chairs for Women in Science and Engineering. It is also anticipated that equity, diversity and inclusion objectives will factor into the innovation agency’s operations and programming.

This measure benefits small and medium-sized businesses by lowering their tax burden and allowing more income to be reinvested in the business, supporting growth and creating jobs. Men and high-income people are more likely to directly benefit since they are more likely to be owners of medium-sized businesses and generally receive higher amounts of investment income. The measure may also indirectly benefit workers by increasing their wages through higher demand for labour.

Data Sources: Tax data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Firm growth, GDP per capita

Target Population:

Small and medium-sized businesses

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This strategy is expected to directly benefit scientists and researchers who develop critical mineral refining and processing technology and those working in geoscience, which is predominantly men. It is also expected to benefit businesses operating in the mining sector and related services/infrastructure, as well as clean technologies. Workers in the mining sector are also expected to indirectly benefit. The mining workforce in Canada is also predominantly men. The mining sector is the second-largest private employer of Indigenous peoples in Canada, who represent close to 7 per cent of the mining workforce in Canada. While critical minerals are necessary for Canada’s transition to net-zero, there are nevertheless negative environmental effects associated with mining them.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Geological Survey of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Investment in R&D; Firm growth; Future outlook

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions

Target Population:

Scientists and Researchers, Businesses

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Workers in Mining Sector

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

As the industries expected to benefit from the Strategy continue to predominantly employ men, it is clear that women face barriers to entry. To begin to address this, programs like the Strategic Innovation Fund (SIF) also consider the public benefits that may accrue from supported projects.In the case of the SIF this can include the degree to which a project proposal includes gender sensitive initiatives, has considered Indigenous impacts and opportunities, and has inclusive plans to encourage diversity in the work place.

The measure directly benefits investors in companies carrying out eligible mineral exploration activities, who tend to be higher income and men. Businesses engaged in exploration of the specified critical minerals eligible for the credit would benefit from easier access to financing. Employees in Canada’s mining sector are mainly men (86 per cent). Mineral exploration activity can be a source of employment and economic development for some communities, including Northern and Indigenous communities. Greater supply of critical minerals would benefit manufacturers of clean technologies. Greater production of clean technologies could support reductions in greenhouse gas emission and air pollutants, to the benefit of all Canadians. While critical minerals are necessary for Canada’s transition to net-zero, there are nevertheless negative environmental effects associated with mining them.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – GDP per capita

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Air quality

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Mining Sector

These measures will benefit all Canadians by improving the transportation infrastructure needed to deliver goods to Canada’s communities. These improvements will also reduce shipping costs for businesses, which in turn will help lower prices for Canadians. They will also help make supply chain infrastructure more resilient to climate impacts, such as flooding. These measures will indirectly benefit certain industries, such as construction trades and transportation, which tend to predominantly employ men.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Industry Reports

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Future outlook; Firm growth

Environment – Climate change adaptation

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Transportation and Construction Sectors

This measure will benefit all Canadians through the construction and maintenance of public infrastructure across Canada, including public transit, clean electricity, water and wastewater projects, or cultural and recreational centres. Public transit is more likely to be used by women, youth and members of marginalized or vulnerable communities. This initiative will indirectly benefit certain industries, such as construction trades and engineering, which tend to predominantly employ men. As recorded in the 2016 Census, those employed by the construction sector identified as men (87 per cent), immigrants (18 per cent) and visible minorities (11 per cent), including Black Canadians (2 per cent).

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – GDP per capita; Productivity; Employment; Firm growth

Environment – Access to public transit; Clean drinking water; Water quality in Canadian rivers; Waste management

Society – Accessible environments

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Construction and Engineering Industries

This initiative will directly benefit the semiconductor industry within the information and communications technology (ICT) sector. It may also benefit firms and workers in the major urban centres of Ontario and Quebec, where much of the semiconductor ecosystem is located. Given the composition of the ICT sector, this initiative is expected to disproportionately benefit men, who in 2020 held over 70 per cent of jobs in the sector, as well as higher-income people.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Investment in R&D; Firm growth

Target Population:

Semiconductor Industry

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Information and communications technology sector, Urban centres in Ontario and Quebec

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

In addition to a project’s economic and innovation value, programs like the Strategic Innovation Fund also consider public benefits that may accrue. This can include the degree to which a project proposal includes gender sensitive initiatives, has considered Indigenous impacts and opportunities, and has inclusive plans to encourage diversity in the work place.

This measure will contribute to the growth of small and medium sized life science and health technology companies and the adoption of new technologies by health care providers. This will help drive benefits for all Canadians through improved health care services and employment opportunities. In particular, the expansion of the CAN Health Network will include new efforts to work with Indigenous peoples, women, and racialized Canadians to ensure benefits accrue across populations. Employment benefits are expected across these sectors, including to men who are approximately three times as likely to be employed in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields as women, who hold 23 per cent of STEM positions requiring a university education. This trend extends to senior management levels, with women only holding 22 per cent of board seats in life science companies. Indigenous people are also expected to benefit less from employment generated by this measure due to underrepresentation in the STEM sector, making up less than 2 per cent of STEM employees, despite representing 4 per cent of the population. This measure is expected to somewhat benefit higher-income people, due to employees in STEM sectors having a $19,500 higher median employment income than the general population.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Medical Association

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth; Employment

Health – Unmet health care needs

Target Population:

Small/Medium Sized Businesses

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Health Technology Businesses

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

The CAN Health Network will seek to broaden the direct benefits of this measure through mentoring services and information about government programs to help companies hire workers from underrepresented groups. The network also plans to expand to Indigenous health authorities and companies.

More robust competition law enforcement would directly benefit all Canadians by helping the economy work more efficiently and providing consumers with competitive prices, product choices and information to make informed decisions. Competition policy can also be a driver of inclusive growth. According to OECD research, low levels of competition can increase the wealth of the richest segments of the population while reducing the income of the poorest.

Data Sources: OECD, World Bank

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Productivity; Firm growth; Household wealth

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

The clusters support projects in a variety of sectors, but workers in the oceans, manufacturing, and proteins industries or sectors that use digital technologies or artificial intelligence are expected to be the primary beneficiaries. While it is expected that workers in STEM fields will be among the beneficiaries, where men account for around 66 per cent of bachelor degree holders, this program is expected to benefit both men and women. The impacts will vary depending on the projects supported given the unique demographic characteristics of the sectors they operate in. As the program supports innovative and often technology intensive projects, it is expected that many of the beneficiaries will be highly-educated people with middle- to high incomes.

Data Sources: Internal program data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Investment in R&D; Productivity; Future outlook

Target Population:

Innovative Companies

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Highly Educated Workers, Various Sectors

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

Each of the clusters are undertaking ecosystem building activities that support economic inclusion of underrepresented groups. These activities can include supporting projects that are led by women entrepreneurs or that create work-integrated learning opportunities for Indigenous people.

The Agriculture Policy Framework is a suite of programs that provide a range of benefits to farm and agri-food operations, including through insurance and income protection programs. These programs benefit men more than women, given the demographic composition of the primary agricultural sector. Sixty percent of all farms have men-only operators, seven per cent having women-only operators, and 33 per cent being operated by both. The farm population also had a median household income 18 per cent higher than the total population in 2019. The median age of the farm population was 55 years in the 2016 Census of Agriculture, compared with 41 years for Canada as a whole. These programs indirectly benefit all Canadians as it helps the sector recover after disasters, prepare for risks and innovate to improve yields and fix food supply chain bottlenecks, which all support continued availability of affordable food in Canada and abroad.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Household incomes; GDP per capita, Productivity; Protection from income shocks

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Climate change adaptation; Natural disasters and emergencies

Target Population:

Farmers and Processors of Supply Managed Agricultural Products

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Agricultural Sector

These measures directly benefit Canadian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) who own or have the potential to own intellectual property. These businesses tend to operate in sectors with strong representation from the science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields. Highly-educated men tend to be overrepresented within these groups and could see greater benefits from the measures. Women make up only 34 per cent of STEM bachelor degree holders. While the number of women inventors named on patent applications originating in Canada is growing, men still account for the vast majority.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Intellectual Property Office

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth; Investment in R&D

Target Population:

SMEs

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

STEM Sector

This program directly benefits students and researchers at Canadian post-secondary institutions who undertake research in security-sensitive sectors. These areas of research tend to be in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) domains, where men comprise 62 per cent of researchers. In 2016, people identifying as a member of a visible minority group accounted for 33 per cent of the STEM workforce, compared to 21 per cent of the broader labour force.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Investment in R&D

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Researchers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

STEM Sector

An increased number of Canada Excellence Research Chairs is expected to directly benefit the faculty awarded these funded positions at Canadian post-secondary institutions. In the most recent competition, over 50 per cent of chair holders were women, and over 20 per cent self-identified as a visible minority, in line with the Canadian population overall. Student and other faculty researchers can also expect to indirectly benefit due to exposure and the chance to work with these world-class researchers. About half of team members self-identify as belonging to one or more of four designated groups (women, visible minorities, persons with disabilities, or Indigenous peoples). In 2021, the program strengthened its equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) requirements by ensuring EDI is incorporated in the research design, teams and recruitment processes.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, SSHRC/NSERC Evaluation Division

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Post-secondary attainment; Future outlook; Employment

Society – Positive perceptions of diversity

Good Governance – Representation in senior leadership positions

Target Population:

Academic Researchers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Women, Visible minorities, Persons with disabilities, and Indigenous peoples

The implementing legislation is not expected to have significant differential impacts. However, the Lunar Gateway Agreement facilitates Canada’s participation in the overall Gateway program, which is expected to directly benefit the space sector. Approximately 61 per cent of personnel in the Canadian space sector are highly qualified in a science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) position, meaning they hold at least a bachelor’s degree. Only 28 per cent of people in the space sector identify as women and the average annual salary in this sector is estimated at $74,000. Therefore, highly-educated and higher-income men are more likely to benefit.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, the Canadian Space Agency, Employment and Social Development Canada, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Wages

Target Population:

The Space Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

STEM Industry

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

Responsive measures are being put in place in the context of Canada’s broader participation in the Lunar Gateway and broader space program, such as the use of a Gender and Diversity Plan, in contract submissions and the exploration of partnerships that will improve equity and diversity outcomes.

The research generated through the Canadian High Arctic Research Station (CHARS) will address key knowledge gaps in Polar Regions, including: the accelerating impacts of climate change and environmental degradation; the connections between northern community wellness and environmental health and advancing energy, technology and infrastructure solutions for the unique environment, social and cultural conditions in the North. The construction and ongoing operation of CHARS specifically benefits Inuit communities in Nunavut through the Inuit Benefits Plan, the objective of which is to increase participation by Inuit firms in business opportunities in Nunavut. Continued outreach and youth engagement regarding science-based activities at the CHARS campus will also support increased capacity for youth in Northern Canada to pursue careers in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Polar Knowledge Canada, OECD, Government of Nunavut

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment

Environment – Climate change adaptation

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

STEM Research, Arctic Region

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Rural and Indigenous Communities

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

The facilities at the Canadian High Arctic Research Station campus are physically accessible for all. Translation of communications products has been undertaken in both federal languages as well as northern Indigenous languages, including Inuktitut and Innuinagtun, in Nunavut as outlined in the Nunavut Official Languages Act.

A rapid and significant increase in credit card use during the pandemic has exacerbated the cost of payment card acceptance for small businesses, who generally pay higher rates. As the government continues to consult stakeholders on solutions to lower the cost of fees for merchants, this work is expected to benefit merchants, notably small businesses. Men are more likely to directly benefit since they are more likely to be owners of small- and medium-sized businesses.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Bank of Canada, Payment Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth

Target Population:

Canadian merchants

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Workers in small and medium-sized enterprises would benefit from increased opportunities to become employee-owners as a result of this measure. This measure would also benefit retirement-age owners, by providing another option for business succession. These beneficiaries are more likely to be men, over 60 per cent, and nearly 34 per cent would be expected to be age 60 or older. Retiring owners are also much more likely to be higher-income people.

Data Sources: T1 Administrative Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Household wealth; Job satisfaction

Target Population:

Retirement-age Owners, Employee-Owners

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Workers in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

Better protection against unfairly traded imports can support employment and firm growth across all economic sectors, but certain measures may especially benefit sectors where employees are predominantly men. For instance, in the steel sector, which accounts for the majority of trade remedy cases, 90 per cent of employees are men according to the 2016 Census. Measures to improve import revenue collection are administrative in nature and affect all imports broadly. By ensuring that Canada’s trade remedy and revenue systems are accessible and continue working efficiently, the measures also contribute to confidence of Canadians and other countries in those systems.

Data Sources: Canada Border Services Agency, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment, Firm growth

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions, Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

Canadian businesses and workers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Funding to support planning and design of the potential high frequency rail project is not expected to have significant gender or demographic impacts. Indigenous communities and other underrepresented groups are being engaged as part of this step. Work on planning and design will support a final investment decision to potentially build the high frequency rail project, which could result in direct benefits to travelers in the Toronto to Quebec City corridor in the form of faster and more reliable rail service. It could also benefit all Canadians by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as more people choose to travel by rail.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Productivity

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Air quality

Society – Time use

Target Population:

Travelers in the Quebec City to Windsor Corridor

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Travelers in the Toronto to Quebec City Corridor

This measure will directly benefit people who travel by passenger rail in the Windsor to Quebec City corridor by providing a safer and more enjoyable travel experience. Groups overrepresented among VIA Rail passengers include university students and middle-income households. Persons with disabilities will also benefit from station accessibility improvements. Construction and maintenance projects will indirectly benefit certain industries, such as construction trades and engineering, which tend to predominantly employ men. As recorded in the 2016 Census, those employed by the construction sector identified as men (87 per cent), immigrants (18 per cent) and visible minorities (11 per cent), including Black Canadians (2 per cent).

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment

Society – Accessible environments

Target Population:

Travelers in the Windsor to Quebec City Corridor

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Persons with Disabilities, Construction Sector

The detection of potato wart in Prince Edward Island (PEI) has disrupted sales to the United States, affecting potato farms and the entire PEI potato supply chain. These initiatives directly and predominantly benefit PEI potato farmers. 81.8 per cent of producers are men and 55.1 per cent are over the age of 55. Average net income for PEI potato producers reached $456,000 per farm in 2020, considerably higher than the average across all farms of $91,500. Among indirect beneficiaries from the program are employees in the PEI potato sector, who are predominantly older men, with lower education and more likely to be an immigrant compared to employees in other sectors, including Temporary Foreign Workers.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth; Employment; Protection from income shocks

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Prince Edward Island Potato Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Agricultural Sector

Compensation payments will directly and primarily benefit white men, and somewhat high-income dairy farm operators given the demographic composition and the pricing policies of the supply-managed agricultural sectors. For dairy and poultry farms, 55 per cent and 50 per cent respectively, are men-only operated, and 2 per cent and 10 per cent respectively are women-only operated. In 2020, average net income for dairy producers of $176,000, and poultry/egg producers of $193,500, far exceeded the $91,500 for all farms. Funding for processors will primarily benefit the owners of the recipient firms, which will skew benefits toward higher net-worth individuals.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Household incomes; Firm growth

Target Population:

Farmers and Processors of Supply Managed Agricultural Products

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Agricultural Sector

Canada’s tourism sector is diverse and inclusive, employing Canadians in urban, rural, and remote communities across the country. This measure is targeted to supporting the Indigenous tourism sector, which is expected to benefit Indigenous and rural communities. A third of Indigenous tourism businesses are women-owned. Efforts to grow the tourism sector are also expected to have a positive impact on women, youth, racialized people, Indigenous peoples, and newcomers—groups that are all proportionally more represented in the tourism sector labour market and business ownership than in the rest of the economy. For example, approximately half of businesses in the tourism sector are at least 50 per cent owned by women, versus 37 per cent of businesses in the broader economy.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Indigenous Tourism Association of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Firm growth

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

Tourism Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Rural Communities, Indigenous Tourism Sector

The Incentives for Zero-Emission Vehicles (ZEV) Program is available to all driving-age Canadians; benefits will initially accrue to early adopters of ZEV, who are more likely to be men, middle-aged, well-educated, high-income earners, and live in urban areas. Over time, the demographics of ZEV purchasers will more closely resemble those of the general driving-age population, as prices approach parity with traditional vehicles. In the long term, increased ZEV uptake will have significant benefits for all Canadians by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality, especially in urban areas and along motor vehicle corridors, as light-duty passenger vehicles represent 13 per cent of national emissions. Impacts could also accrue to workers in the Canadian auto industry as well as in companies along the supply chain, as the industry pivots to supplying critical inputs and manufacturing ZEV.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Transport Canada, Simon Fraser University, and McMaster University

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth; Employment; Investment in R&D

Health – Self-rated health

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Air quality

Target Population:

Light-Duty Vehicle Owners

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

People Living in Urban Areas

This measure will benefit all Canadians in the long term by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. It will also indirectly enable greater diversity among ZEV purchasers, allowing it to more closely resemble the general driving-age population. This measure will also accrue specific benefits to workers in the industries involved in installing Zero-Emissions Vehicles (ZEV) charging and refueling infrastructure, including construction workers, electricians, equipment operators, and tradespersons, who are predominantly men. Women made up only 4.8 per cent of Canada’s industrial, electrical, and construction trades labour force in 2021.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment

Health – Health-adjusted life expectancy

Environment – Air quality; Greenhouse gas emissions

Target Population:

ZEV Infrastructure Workers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Young Canadians

These measures will directly benefit purchasers and operators of medium- and heavy-duty zero-emission vehicles in the trucking and warehousing industries, as well as workers and firms in industries involved in retrofitting trucks, which are dominated by men. Longer-term benefits will accrue to all Canadians through reduced greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, as medium- and heavy-duty vehicles contribute a large and growing share of the transportation sector’s emissions. The measures may indirectly benefit Canadian manufacturers of these vehicles by increasing demand.

Data Sources: Health Canada, Canadian Trucking Alliance, International Council for Clean Transportation

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth; Employment Health: Health-adjusted life expectancy

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Air quality

Target Population:

MHDV Purchasers and Operators

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Trucking and Warehousing Industries, People Living in Urban Areas

The programs included in this initiative benefit men more than women, given the composition of the agricultural sector. Sixty percent of all farms have men-only operators, seven per cent have women-only operators, and 33 per cent are operated by both. Farm operators also tend to be older than the general population. The farm population had a median household income 18 per cent higher than the total population in 2019. The direct beneficiaries of science funding will be researchers affiliated with post-secondary institutions across Canada, which is a more gender-balanced population. In 2019, 48 per cent of university professors, instructors and researchers were women and 51 per cent were men.. Long-term, indirect benefits from mitigating the effects of climate change will benefit all Canadians, especially youth.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Investment in R&D

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Climate change adaptation

Target Population:

Farmers and Processors of Supply Managed Agricultural Products

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Agricultural Sector

This measure is expected to have broad benefits for all Canadians through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and by increasing the availability of restored natural spaces, which can have positive physical and mental health benefits, such as cleaner air. Given the long-term effects of climate change, this will primarily benefit youth. Certain groups (Indigenous peoples, women, children) who are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change will also benefit, along with workers in the sectors directly implicated in the implementation of this initiative, including in ecosystem restoration.

Quality of Life Impacts

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Canadian Species Index; Conserved areas;

Satisfaction with local environment

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Measures to fight climate change benefit all Canadians. Carbon pricing is widely recognized as the most efficient means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while also driving innovation and energy efficiency to reduce emissions. Canada’s approach to carbon pricing will continue to unlock critical emissions reductions today and on the road to net-zero emissions by 2050. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) programming is expected to benefit men more than women, as 64 per cent of SMEs were owned by men in 2017. The program is also expected to benefit older SME owners, as 59 per cent were 50 years or older in 2017. The programming will benefit SMEs in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario, as this programming operates in jurisdictions under the federal carbon pricing backstop.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions

Target Population:

SMEs in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

The measure will benefit a wide range of groups in the short-term, including businesses, organizations, and Indigenous communities. It will benefit all Canadians over the long-term by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the effect of climate change. Given the long-term effects of climate change, young people will primarily benefit. This measure will also indirectly create job opportunities for workers in related fields, such as construction and clean technology, which are dominated by men.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth; Employment

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Climate change adaptation

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Indigenous groups, small and medium-sized enterprises

Yukon residents will benefit from greater access to clean energy and the reduction in air pollution from diesel-generated electricity. All Canadians will benefit from the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Taku River Tlingit First Nation plans to reinvest the revenues from the project back into its community, with an emphasis on youth engagement in training programs. The most immediate benefit will be through the construction jobs that the project is expected to generate, which will accrue to men, as women comprised only 13 per cent of Canada’s construction labour force in 2020. Indigenous peoples will be actively recruited for employment in the project.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Child, student and adult skills

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Satisfaction with local environment

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

Yukon residents

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Indigenous peoples, Northern British Columbia Residents, Construction Workers

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

The project proponent, Tlingit Homeland Energy, will implement an equity, diversity, and inclusion plan throughout construction and operation of the project. It will promote the hiring and retention of Indigenous peoples, women, youth, and racialized employees.

This tax incentive will directly benefit businesses that either invest in or manufacture air-source heat pumps, which may indirectly benefit the shareholders and workers of these businesses. While there is no information on the owners of affected businesses, based on the distribution of dividend and interest income earners, shareholders of Canadian businesses are disproportionately men and high income. Workers in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning manufacturing as well as real estate property management sectors are also disproportionately men and have proportionately greater representation of immigrants and people between 25 and 64 years old. Canadians will benefit from a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions

Target Population:

HVAC Businesses

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

All Canadians are expected to directly benefit from improved guidance and tools that integrate environmental stewardship and sustainability principles into government procurement. Future generations are expected to benefit more as long-term environmental benefits are realized. Leveraging government purchasing power is expected to foster innovation in clean technology and waste management which are sectors that tend to employ more men than women.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Investment in R&D; Employment

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Waste management

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Helping industries to adopt clean technology and increase the energy efficiency of their buildings will directly benefit those employed in trades related to industrial energy management and the heavy industrial sectors that will be the primary benefactor of these activities, both of which are dominated by men. Benefits will be concentrated in regions where heavy industries are predominantly located (such as Ontario, Québec, B.C and Alberta). These activities will indirectly benefit all Canadians by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants from heavy industry facilities. This will have positive environmental and health impacts.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Natural Resources Canada, UNEP

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Air quality

Target Population:

Industrial Sectors

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Low-Income Canadians

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

These activities will aim to facilitate equity, diversity and inclusion in the workforce through funding decisions that encourage industry to attract and engage women, Indigenous peoples and other designated employment equity groups. This program will include training to encourage skills development for women, Indigenous peoples and other designated employment equity groups, which will increase the supply of diverse and qualified energy practitioners in Canada.

Net reductions in greenhouse gas emissions resulting from this measure would benefit all Canadians, in particular youth and future generations, by reducing the negative impacts associated with climate change. This measure is expected to directly benefit businesses in the utilities, manufacturing, processing, engineering, oil and gas and construction sectors—particularly those located in Western Canada. Shareholders and employees of businesses that invest in Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) may indirectly benefit. Generally, these groups are disproportionately men and high-income earners. Increased economic activity from the measure would have a positive impact on firm growth and GDP per capita.

Data Sources: Tax Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth; GDP per capita

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Climate change adaptation

Target Population:

Investors in CCUS Technologies

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Various sectors associated with CCUS and primarily located in Western Canada

Investments to enable the decarbonization of electricity generation and transmission, in support of Canada’s goal of a net-zero emissions electricity grid by 2035, will increase employment opportunities, either directly or indirectly, for workers in sectors relevant to energy, who are predominantly men. These investments could help spur innovation and economic opportunities as the global community transitions to a low carbon economy. Impacts will be largest in regions that have a higher reliance on high-emitting industries. These investments will indirectly benefit all Canadians, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants from electricity generation.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Household incomes; GDP per capita; Investment in R&D

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Air quality

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Electricity Sector

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

By design, the Regional Energy Tables and Pan-Canadian Grid Council will seek diverse and inclusive membership, and engagements through the course of its work, thereby reducing any potential negative impacts on workers and communities. The Regional Energy Tables and Pan-Canadian Grid Council will enable the transition to net-zero electricity, which will create significant economic opportunities, in the form of new industries, markets, supply chains and jobs, and enable communities to capitalize on those aforementioned economic opportunities.

Supporting the deployment of small modular reactors and enhancement of safety policies will benefit all Canadians through reduced greenhouse gas emissions in electricity grids and facilitating the transition away from higher-emission power sources in remote communities and industrial activities, including mining. Over the near-term, workers in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) sectors, which are traditionally dominated by men, will benefit.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Household incomes; GDP per capita; Investment in R&D

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Natural disasters and emergencies; Waste management

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Nuclear Sector

Environmental benefits from a decreased reliance on fossil fuels will accrue to all Canadians. Broader communities, including northern and Indigenous communities, could indirectly be affected by this phase out to the extent that it results in less funding being raised and, as a result, less development occurring in support of job creation in those communities.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Although this measure will benefit all Canadians, Indigenous and coastal communities will benefit proportionately more from increasing marine safety and protecting marine ecosystems given their proximity to oceans and waterways. Indigenous peoples will also benefit through direct engagement, training and employment opportunities under Oceans Protection Plan initiatives. The measure will also directly benefit workers in the transportation and marine industries, who are primarily men. Over the long term, by enabling the safe and responsible use of Canada’s coasts and waterways and protecting marine ecosystems, this measure will increase confidence in Canada’s marine safety system, and enable economic growth.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Investment in R&D

Environment – Coastal and marine protection; Natural disasters and emergencie s

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination; Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Coastal regions, Indigenous peoples

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Transportation and Marine Sectors

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

Recognizing that Oceans Protection Plan partners, including Indigenous peoples, are often in remote areas, they may experience barriers to participation (e.g., not having a reliable internet connection). The Oceans Protection Plan will continue to take steps to reduce barriers to participation, such as through regional engagement sessions to reach a greater number of communities.

These actions will protect the quality of freshwater and the health of aquatic and coastal ecosystems. This includes addressing threats to the environment and the health of Canadians such as toxic algal blooms, invasive species and the impacts of climate change. People who live around the water bodies targeted by the renewed plan will largely benefit from the preservation and restoration of their freshwater, including young people and future generations, as well as workers in industries such as tourism that are dependent on water quality.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Ontario Federation of Agriculture, Canadian Council of Professional Fish Harvesters, City of Toronto Neighbourhood Profile

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment

Health – Self-rated health

Environment – Water quality in Canadian rivers; Canadian Species Index

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

People living near fresh water

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

To ensure Indigenous peoples are included in decisions concerning their environment, they will be involved in all steps of the Freshwater Action Plan, and the Canada Water Agency. The negative impacts that water protection measures might have on some sectors (e.g. mining, agriculture) will also be mitigated by the efforts of the programs to develop and implement the best management practices in these sectors.

Investments in addressing plastic waste in Canada will directly benefit all Canadians—particularly young people—and the environment. The development and implementation of proposed regulations to increase plastic circularity could increase demand for recycled plastics for manufacturing, potentially spurring innovation and investment. In addition, some initiatives seek to target specific regions (e.g. northern and remote areas, which are predominately populated by Indigenous peoples) and aquatic areas (e.g. coastal communities), which will directly benefit people in those regions. In particular, the Ghost Gear Fund may benefit coastal communities through improved outcomes for more sustainable fisheries, and cleaner coastlines and waterways for recreational and tourism activities. Innovation and science measures will benefit the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) sectors that are traditionally dominated by men.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada; Economic Study of the Canadian Plastic Industry, Market and Waste;

Quality of Life Impacts

Environment – Waste management; Coastal and marine protection; Water quality in Canadian rivers;

Canadian Species Index

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Indigenous peoples, STEM sector

Supporting actions to increase wildfire preparedness and response will reduce the risks for Canadians who face wildfire disasters, in particular Indigenous peoples, rural and remote communities, people with low income, and people with disabilities and health issues. Men would benefit most from the employment opportunities, while Indigenous peoples would benefit substantially from wildfire resilience efforts since approximately 80 per cent of Indigenous communities are located in or near forests. Further, as wildfires are increasingly impacting major population centres, all Canadians will benefit from the initiative’s expected positive impacts, including on air quality.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Gig work; Household incomes; Student and adult skills

Health – Self-rated health; Self-rated mental health

Environment – Natural disasters and emergencies; Climate change adaptation; Greenhouse gas emissions; Air quality

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Indigenous peoples, Rural and Remote Communities

Investments in the Trans-Canada Trail and around Rouge National Urban Park will help to support jobs across Canada, improve access to nature for Canadians, provide greater access to outdoor settings and activities for persons with disabilities, and help strengthen a sense of national identity and belonging in Canada by supporting active transportation connections to all provinces and territories and thousands of communities.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Conference Board of Canada, Trans-Canada Trail

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment

Health – Physical activity; Self-rated mental health

Environment – Walkability index; Satisfaction with local environment; Climate change adaptation

Society – Accessible environments

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This measure will benefit Indigenous communities by enabling them to have a greater influence over the natural resources in their traditional territories. Over the long term, it will provide climate resilience benefits to British Columbians. As well, old growth forests are among the largest and most efficient natural carbon sinks in the world, and protecting them will help Canada combat climate change. This will benefit all Canadians, particularly groups that are more vulnerable to climate change impacts, including those with lower income, women, and Indigenous peoples. Canadians will also benefit from increased access to recreation in protected forests, which will provide economic development opportunities for local communities through tourism.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment

Health – Physical activity

Environment – Conserved areas; Canadian Species Index; Satisfaction with local environment

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

British Columbians, Women, Lower Income, Forestry Workers, Indigenous Communities

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

Workers and local communities will be engaged in planning to support socioeconomic transition from timber harvesting to protection. To ensure equal opportunities for participation, including for those with childcare responsibilities outside of work hours, engagement efforts will occur in person and online and at a variety of times. This process will help inform best practices for future initiatives seeking to address similar transitions for natural resource dependent communities.

This measure is expected to benefit all Canadians by supporting climate change mitigation projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Groups that are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to their location or characteristics may benefit more than other Canadians. These include remote, Northern and Indigenous communities, as well as low-income and underserved communities, women, and seniors. Workers and businesses in the clean fuels, oil and gas, heavy industry, electricity, construction, and engineering sectors will indirectly benefit from new projects supported by the Canada Infrastructure Bank. Men occupy the majority of jobs in these sectors.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth; GDP per capita

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Clean technology

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Clean Fuels, Oil and Gas, Heavy Industry, Electricity, Construction, and Engineering Sectors

It is expected that the strategies developed through this initiative will contribute to reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, benefitting all Canadians, particularly youth and future generations, by contributing to cleaner air and reduced impacts of a changing climate on the environment and health. The strategies developed are also expected to benefit all Canadians by supporting financial stability and job creation in an orderly transition to the net zero economy. Specific groups that are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change will benefit including northern and coastal communities, Indigenous communities, low-income households, people with disabilities, people with existing health conditions, women, children, and the elderly.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Climate-related financial disclosures will benefit all Canadians by providing a greater understanding of the financial implications associated with climate change, empowering markets to channel investment towards sustainable and resilient solutions, opportunities, and business models across the economy. Specific groups that are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change will benefit, including northern and coastal communities, Indigenous communities, low-income households, people with disabilities, people with existing health conditions, women, children, the elderly, and future generations.

Data Sources: Health Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world; Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) would benefit all Canadians by enhancing the quality of sustainability reporting, and enabling capital to be invested in companies focused on sustainability objectives. Indirect benefits would favour high-income people who invest and have an interest in sustainable investing who would have better information on which to base investment decisions. The ISSB’s Montreal office would create new jobs for people with higher levels of education (e.g., accounting, law, economics). The selection of Montreal to host a central office of the ISSB reflects an international recognition of Canada’s commitment to combating climate change and promoting sustainability.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth; Employment

Environment – Greenhouse gas emissions; Natural capital

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world; Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

City of Montreal

This measure will support the processing and settlement of new permanent residents, including Afghan refugees, as part of Canada's Immigration Levels Plan and will help them to make a smooth integration to Canada. Approximately half of the new permanent residents are expected to be women—similar to historical trends. For example, in 2020, 50.4 per cent of all admissions were women and 49.5 per cent were men. However, there are differences between immigration programs. In 2020, 59 per cent of all family class immigrants and 41 per cent of all economic immigrants were women. For Afghan refugees in particular, approximately 68 per cent of principal applicants to date were men and 32 per cent were women. Beyond principal applicants, the family composition of the applications received is broadly gender balanced.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Administrative Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth; Productivity

Society – Sense of pride/belonging to Canada

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Afghan refugees, new immigrants to Canada

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Afghan refugees, new immigrants

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

While core economic immigration streams are focused on workers with high human capital, regional immigration programs and pilot projects provide opportunities for a wider variety of workers to obtain permanent residency.

This legislative amendment directly benefits newcomers looking to make Canada their home. Men have historically accounted for a larger proportion of Express Entry candidates (59 per cent) than women (41 per cent). Express Entry applicants also tend to be relatively younger. However, if new selection criteria change the profile of newcomers who are invited to apply, it could affect the gender balance and other characteristics of applicants. Ongoing analysis and monitoring of selection criteria will be used to assess the impacts on different groups.

Data Sources: Internal Administrative Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Newcomers

GBA Plus Timing

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

This measure will benefit temporary residents in Canada, who have diverse characteristics and are broadly gender-balanced. Prior to the pandemic in 2019, there were about 5.7 million visas, electronic travel authorizations, and permits issued to visitors, international students, and temporary workers. Annual data indicates a broadly gender-balanced trend for visitors and international students, while temporary foreign workers are more likely to be men, typically comprising between 60 per cent and 79 per cent of all work permit holders. International students in particular are also significantly likely to be youth under the age of 30. While the pandemic resulted in fewer temporary residents overall and a slight shift towards more men, the composition is expected to return to pre-pandemic levels with global recovery and lifting of travel restrictions.

Data Sources: Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Firm growth

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Canada's place in the world

Target Population:

Temporary Residents

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Visitors, International Students, and Temporary Foreign Workers and their Employers

This investment will benefit the diverse client base who access information and services from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, which includes Canadian citizens, permanent residents, visitors, international students, and foreign workers. In addition, improving capacity by hiring more agents will indirectly benefit women as they comprise 65 per cent of the workforce at the Client Support Centre.

Data Sources: Internal Administrative Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Canada's place in the world

Target Population:

Newcomers and their Families

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Visitors, International Students

Legislative amendments to the Citizenship Program will directly benefit current and future newcomers who wish to obtain their citizenship. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada data shows that women make up a slightly larger proportion of citizenship applicants (53 per cent). In 2016, over 80 per cent of those who identified as receiving permanent resident status in the last five years – and who could become eligible to apply for citizenship – also identified as belonging to a visible minority group. Facilitating access to Canadian citizenship through legislation will enable newcomers to become citizens faster, which will support democratic participation and confidence in government.

Data Sources: Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Household incomes

Good Governance – Canada's place in the world; Sense of pride/belonging to Canada

Target Population:

Newcomers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

The advisory table will provide advice to government and is not expected to have a direct impact on Canadians. Over the longer term, it is expected that mid-career and skilled workers in transitioning sectors will benefit from more accessible skills training supports. All regions and industries are expected to be affected in some way by a changing economy. For example, up to one in five Canadian employees is working a job at risk of automation and up to three million jobs are expected to be affected by the transition to a net-zero economy.

Data Sources: Conference Board of Canada, RBC Economics

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Adult skills; Future outlook

Target Population:

Mid-career Workers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Workers in Transitioning Sectors

This measure will benefit tradespersons and apprentices working in the construction industry. Beneficiaries are expected to disproportionately be men, who represent 87 per cent of workers in the industry. In 2016, only 10.6 per cent of construction workers belonged to a visible minority group, compared to 21.2 per cent of the Canadian population. Beneficiaries are also likely to be middle-income, and of working age.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Job satisfaction; Labour underutilization

Target Population:

Workers in Construction Trades

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Workers in Construction Trades

The program reforms and improvements to the employer compliance regime are expected to benefit temporary foreign workers in low-wage agricultural and fish processing positions by better protecting their rights and empowering them to change employers. These workers are primarily from Mexico and the Caribbean and are expected to be mostly members of racialized communities. Of the approximately 100,000 people who had work permits under the program in 2019, 82 per cent were men and 18 per cent were women, and at least 75 per cent were in the Primary Agriculture Stream. Agricultural businesses in particular are also expected to benefit from improvements to the program, as the agriculture sector accounts for 60 per cent of all temporary foreign workers entering Canada.

Data Sources: Administrative Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Productivity; Firm growth; Job satisfaction

Good Governance – Discrimination and unfair treatment; Confidence in institutions; Canada's place in the world

Target Population:

Temporary Foreign Workers and Employers of Temporary Foreign Workers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Food and Fish Processing Sector, Agricultural Sector

The Employment Equity Act addresses barriers in employment for members of designated equity groups including women, Indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minority groups. The intent of the review is to modernize the employment equity framework by defining and expanding equity groups and improving public reporting and accountability. The review seeks to address shortfalls of equity related policies and identify gaps and better ways to remove discriminatory barriers.

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Positive perceptions of diversity

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Discrimination and unfair treatment

Target Population:

Designated Equity Groups

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Women, Indigenous Peoples, Persons with Disabilities

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

Simultaneous translations and sign language services will promote accessibility during consultations.

In the regions targeted by the measure, historical data shows that men account for close to two-thirds of completed Employment Insurance claims, and would therefore disproportionately benefit from the additional weeks of regular benefits. The temporary extension will specifically benefit seasonal workers in Atlantic Canada, Quebec and the Yukon and primarily workers in construction, manufacturing and fishing industries who are mostly men and who make up a sizable portion of the seasonal workforce in these regions.

Data Sources: EI Monitoring and Assessment Report

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Protection from income shocks

Target Population:

Seasonal Workers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Construction, Manufacturing and Fishing industries, workers in certain regions

This measure supports action by the government to ensure that emergency benefits were paid appropriately by providing the Canada Revenue Agency with the authority to establish and collect debts from people who received extra weeks of payments. Ultimately, integrity measures such as this benefit all Canadians by ensuring fair and sustainable programs and good stewardship of public funds.

Data Sources: Employment and Social Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

These measures will benefit all Canadians by reinforcing Canada’s alliances, which help to preserve the rules-based international order upon which Canada’s security and economic interests depend, strengthening continental defence capabilities, and ensuring the capability of the military to perform in operations at home and abroad. For military members, who are predominantly men, increased resources will improve working conditions and help ensure they have the tools and equipment to fulfil their duties. Indirectly, benefits will accrue to workers in defence industries that supply or support the Canadian Armed Forces, whose workforce is likewise predominantly men.

Data Sources: Department of National Defence, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world; National security

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Canadian Armed Forces Personnel, Workers in Defence Industries

All Canadians are expected to benefit from reducing the risk of cyber attacks and preventing disruptions in essential services. Groups that would be most affected by disruptions to essential services, including seniors, low-income Canadians, persons with disabilities, and Indigenous peoples, are expected to benefit marginally more compared to the general population. Indirectly, this measure is expected to disproportionately benefit men, as new staff hired to implement these measures would largely come from the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) sector, in which men account for 62 per cent or more of graduates.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Vulnerable Populations, STEM Sector

All Canadians are expected to benefit from enhanced technical capabilities and strategic advantages at the Communications Security Establishment (CSE), which will bolster national security and defence. Indirectly, this measure is expected to disproportionately benefit well-educated and higher income men, as recipients of research grants and the majority new staff hired by CSE would come from the science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields, in which men account for 62 per cent of graduates.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Investment in R&D

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Academics, STEM Sector

This measure will support Ukraine’s defence against Russian aggression and contribute to the safety and security of Ukrainians, particularly women and the most vulnerable who are disproportionately affected by conflict. It will also help deter future attacks in Europe to the benefit of all Canadians, since regional insecurity and instability undermine the rules-based international order upon which Canada’s security and economic interests depend. Indirectly, benefits will accrue to workers in defence industries that supply military equipment, whose workforces are predominantly men.

Data Sources: Department of National Defence

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

People in Other Countries, Workers in Defence Industries

The loan offered to help stabilize Ukraine’s economy could indirectly benefit groups of people reliant on Ukraine’s state social assistance. These groups include pensioners, people with disabilities, families with children, the unemployed, and people experiencing homelessness or addiction. In Ukraine, the poverty rate for households headed by women, often single-parent families, exceeds that of households headed by men. Additionally, women pension recipients are more likely to have lower incomes. More broadly, helping to stabilize Ukraine’s economy will help support global financial stability by mitigating the risk of a Ukrainian sovereign debt default. The loan offered will further help protect against economic coercion by malignant state actors.

Data Sources: UNICEF

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

Ukrainian Population

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Population of Ukraine

This loan financing will provide broad macrofinancial support to the government of Ukraine. The direct benefits of this support will flow to all Ukrainians, who stand to benefit from increased macroeconomic stability in their country. Groups of people more reliant on Ukraine’s state social assistance could benefit indirectly as loan financing supports government operations. These groups include pensioners, people with disabilities, families with children, the unemployed, and people experiencing homelessness or addiction. In Ukraine, the poverty rate for households headed by women, often single-parent families, exceeds that of households headed by men. Additionally, women pension recipients are more likely to have lower incomes. Indirect benefits will also flow to people in other countries with economic ties to Ukraine.

Data Sources: UNICEF, IMF

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

Ukrainian Population

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Population of Ukraine

The new immigration streams will benefit Ukrainians in a broad range of situations, including those who are overseas, as well as those who may already be in Canada on a temporary basis, such as workers, visitors and students. It is expected that they will be used disproportionately by women and children, as Ukraine has conscripted all men between the ages of 18 and 60. However, Ukrainian workers already in Canada are more likely to be men (65 per cent), while Ukrainian students in Canada are roughly gender-balanced.

Data Sources: Administrative Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Sense of pride/belonging to Canada

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

Ukrainians who want to come to Canada

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Newcomers to Canada

These measures will broadly benefit all Canadians as they help uphold the stability, utility and efficiency of the Canadian and global financial systems to support and drive economic growth as well as reducing potential threats to the country’s economic development and financial security. It is expected these actions will indirectly benefit certain demographic groups who are disproportionately victimized by money laundering, terrorist financing, and offences linked to these crimes. This includes women, children, members of Indigenous and LBGTQ2 communities, persons with disabilities, persons suffering from addictions, newcomers, and seniors.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Household wealth; Financial well-being; Financial stability

Good Governance – Personal safety; Crime Severity Index; Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Vulnerable Populations

This measure will benefit all Canadians, since misinformation, and its subset disinformation, affect all Canadians. However, certain groups are disproportionately affected by misinformation, such as Black, racialized, religious minority, and LGBTQ2 communities who are inordinately targeted by misinformation campaigns. There is mixed evidence on the link between socio-demographic factors and susceptibility to misinformation.

Data Sources: Privy Council Office, OECD, Scholarly Journals

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Trust in others; Sense of pride/belonging to Canada; Positive perceptions of diversity

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Misinformation/trust in media; Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Vulnerable Groups

By countering terrorism and criminal activities on the high seas, Operation ARTEMIS will contribute to stability and security in the Middle East. It will also contribute to a safer world to the benefit of all Canadians, since regional insecurity and instability undermine the rules-based international order upon which Canada’s own security and economic interests depend. Men are expected to receive a disproportionate share of the professional opportunities associated with the measure, as men comprise 84 per cent of the Canadian Armed Forces.

Data Sources: Department of National Defence and United Nations

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world; National security

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

People in Other Countries

Providing additional support to provinces and territories to reduce the backlogs of medical procedures will help improve quality of life for Canadians across different age and gender groups. In particular, support through the Canada Health Transfer will benefit Canadians across all regional, age, and gender groups who are waiting for surgeries and other medical procedures, including diagnostics. This measure will especially benefit seniors as they have higher needs for surgical procedures. Before and during the pandemic, seniors (age 65+) represented over 40 per cent of total monthly surgical volumes, versus 19 per cent of the population.

Data Sources: Canadian Institute for Health Information

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Unmet health care needs; Self-rated health

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

This measure will benefit people living in rural and remote communities. Those who currently do not have access to doctors, as well as those who may require additional medical attention than the average Canadian, would particularly benefit from this measure, including people with underlying health conditions and older populations. This program also benefits health care workers in rural and remote areas since they will have a greater proportion of their loans forgiven. The majority of 5,490 health care workers who used the program in 2019-20 were nurses (83 percent), who are predominantly women. Health care professionals tend to have higher income than the average Canadian.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Employment and Social Development Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Financial well-being

Health – Timely access to primary health care provider; Unmet health care needs

Target Population:

Rural and Remote Populations

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Rural and Remote Populations, Health Care Workers

Increased support for research into the long-term impacts of COVID-19 would directly benefit researchers in the health field, of whom women represent 56 per cent of funded research applicants. In the medium term, direct benefits would also accrue to patients with ongoing symptoms of the disease, as well as their caregivers. Women, Indigenous peoples, Black and racialized communities, and persons with disabilities have been disproportionately exposed to COVID-19. Limited data suggests that Long COVID may be more likely to develop in those who had pre-existing respiratory disease; are older; are women; and/or have other health conditions or are overweight. All Canadians can also expect to indirectly benefit due to the impacts and costs of COVID-19 on the broader Canadian health care system.

Data Sources: Canadian Institutes for Health Research

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Functional health status; Unmet health care needs

Target Population:

Researchers, All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Researchers

Increased support for dementia research would directly benefit researchers in the health field, of whom women represent 56 per cent of funded research applicants. In the medium term, significant direct benefits would be felt by seniors with dementia, especially women in these groups, who represent two thirds of those diagnosed with the disease. All Canadians can also expect to indirectly benefit due to the impacts and costs of dementia patient care on families and the broader Canadian health care system.

Data Sources: Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Canadian Institute for Health Information

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Functional health status; Unmet health care needs

Target Population:

Researchers, Seniors

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

All Canadians

This initiative directly benefits seniors and people living with neurodegenerative conditions, including dementia, as well as their caregivers. In 2016, nearly one in six Canadians (17 per cent) was aged 65 or older. Based on demographic projections, seniors will represent approximately 25 per cent of the total population by 2031. About two thirds of older Canadians living with dementia are women, and women experience higher rates of Alzheimer's disease. Older women are also more likely than men to be caregivers. Men experience higher rates of Parkinson's, dementia with Lewy Bodies and frontotemporal dementia. Healthcare workers will indirectly benefit, since this initiative helps advance innovative solutions to increase their capacity to effectively care for seniors.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada. Public Health Agency of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Investment in R&D

Health – Functional health status; Unmet health care needs

Target Population:

Seniors

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

This initiative is expected to benefit all Canadians by helping to ensure Canada is better able to anticipate and respond to public health risks that threaten their health and safety. Given the inequitable and disproportionate impacts (e.g., case burden, mortality, mental health) of COVID-19 amongst priority populations (e.g., elderly, those with underlying medical conditions) these populations may receive greater benefits. Between the end of March 2020 and mid-May 2021, seniors aged 65 and over accounted for 93 per cent of the deaths attributed to COVID-19. As per the 2017/2018 Canadian Community Health Survey, 37.8 per cent of Canadian adults (age 18 and older) living in private households reported having one or more underlying health condition. In general, the proportion of people with underlying health conditions increases with age.

Data Sources: Public Health Agency of Canada, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Self-rated health; Self-rated mental health

Environment – Natural disasters and emergencies

Good Governance – Confidence in public institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

People particularly vulnerable to severe health outcomes from COVID-19, such as people with underlying medical conditions, people with disabilities, Black and racialized communities, and older adults.

This initiative is expected to benefit all Canadians by helping to ensure Canada is prepared in the event of another public health emergency or natural disasters. People at higher risk of bad outcomes from public health emergencies may receive greater benefits, including those with underlying medical conditions, people with disabilities and the elderly. According to data from the 2017/2018 Canadian Community Health Survey, 37.8 per cent of Canadian adults (age 18 and older) living in private households reported having one or more underlying health condition, such as a chronic respiratory or heart disease. As of July 2021, there were over 7 million persons in Canada aged 65 years and above.

Data Sources: Public Health Agency of Canada, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Self-rated health; Self-rated mental health

Environment – Natural disasters and emergencies

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

People particularly vulnerable to severe health outcomes from COVID-19, such as people with underlying medical conditions, people with disabilities, Black and racialized communities, and older adults.

These amendments would benefit intended parents who rely on surrogates or need donor gametes or embryos to have a child. There is no data on this population of intended parents in Canada; however, a profile could include: heterosexual couples experiencing fertility issues, single people, and LGBTQ2 couples. Given the high out-of-pocket costs, even with tax relief provided for medical expenses, intended parents using these arrangements likely have higher incomes.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Household incomes

Health – Unmet health care needs

Society – Discrimination and unfair treatment

Target Population:

People with Fertility Issues

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

People with Fertility Issues

This measure could incent certain vaping product users to reduce consumption of vaping products. Vaping product users are mostly men. The most recent Health Canada survey indicates that men, at 18 per cent, were more likely than women, at 14 per cent, to have reported ever trying vaping. Users are also generally younger people, as the same survey notes that 36 per cent of those 15-19 had ever vaped, rising to 48 per cent among those 20-24; in contrast, only 12 per cent of those above 25 had ever vaped.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Health Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio

Health – Self-rated health

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Funding to support additional food inspectors benefits all Canadians by ensuring continued access to safe food during the on-going COVID-19 pandemic. Maintaining a stable supply of safe food is not expected to generate significant differential impacts, but vulnerable segments of society, including seniors and those with underlying health conditions, will particularly benefit. The program is expected to maintain confidence of Canadians and trading partners in Canada's strong food safety system, and support the economic sustainability of agriculture and food processing businesses and their employees. Employees in agriculture and food processing sectors are dominated by men and tend to be less educated than employees in other sectors. The increased food inspection capacity will also benefit workers in the industry, with the share of young, women inspectors having grown significantly in recent years.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Food security; Firm growth; Employment

Health – Health-adjusted life expectancy

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians, Agri-Food Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Agriculture and Food Processing Sector

COVID-19 has had disproportionate impacts on Indigenous, Black and racialized communities. However, all Canadians are expected to benefit from the continued capacity of Health Canada to respond to the pandemic. Specifically, the measure will support overall population health by ensuring expedited access to vaccines, treatments, tests, and other health products and information to combat COVID-19 as the virus continues to evolve, improving outcomes.

Data Sources: Public Health Agency of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Productivity

Health – Health-adjusted life expectancy; Unmet health care needs

Good Governance – Misinformation/trust in media; Confidence in public institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This measure would increase confidence in public institutions and benefit all Canadians by helping to ensure reliable access to information and services on government programs at Service Canada centres during the pandemic (e.g., applying for a passport or income benefits). Based on Service Canada's 2020-21 Client Experience Survey, groups that rely more heavily on in-person services include, youth, newcomers, Black and racialized communities, and people without reliable access to the internet.

Data Sources: Service Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Protection from income shocks

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Newcomers, Racialized Communities, People without Reliable Access to the Internet

Men comprise 95 per cent of the total federal inmate population. Additionally, Indigenous peoples represent 30 per cent of federal inmates compared to 5 per cent of the general population, while Black people account for 7.2 per cent of federal offenders compared to 3.5 per cent of the general population. This measure improves confidence and trust in this public institution by supporting measures to improve inmate well-being and morale and keep staff safe.

Data Sources: Correctional Service of Canada, Office of the Correctional Investigator

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Job satisfaction

Health – Health-adjusted life expectancy; Self-rated health; Self-rated mental health

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Correctional Service of Canada Employees and Federal Inmates

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Indigenous peoples, Black Canadians

The ArriveCAN application benefits all Canadians by helping to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in Canada, by helping to prevent visitors and returning travellers from bringing COVID-19 into the country. By limiting travel-related cases of COVID-19, ArriveCAN indirectly benefits those most at risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19, including the elderly and people with underlying health conditions. The mandatory requirement for all travellers to use ArriveCAN when crossing the border has created some challenges for persons from the blind, deaf-blind, and partially sighted communities, who experienced difficulties accessing the application when it was launched.

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Health-adjusted life expectancy

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Canada's place in the world

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Travellers entering Canada, Persons with Disabilities

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

The Canada Border Services Agency is working to improve accessibility features in the mobile version of the ArriveCAN application. Given certain challenges in using the application, people with accessibility needs are exempted from using it.

This initiative is expected to benefit all Canadians, with indirect benefits expected for people who are particularly vulnerable to severe health outcomes from COVID-19, such as people with disabilities, Black and racialized communities, and older adults. Specifically, it will complement ongoing public health measures that prevent COVID-19 transmission and further lockdowns, help facilitate domestic and international travel, and help keep Canadians safe in workplaces and public spaces.

Data Sources: Public Health Agency of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment, Protection from income shocks

Health – Health-adjusted life expectancy

Environment – Natural disasters and emergencies

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

People particularly vulnerable to severe health outcomes from COVID-19, such as people with underlying medical conditions, people with disabilities, Black and racialized communities, and older adults.

Replacing the First Nations Land Management Act and enacting the Anishinabek Nation Governance Agreement Act are expected to directly benefit First Nations, with benefits flowing to the Anishinabek Nation in particular. As Indigenous groups exercise their inherent right of self-determination through community land codes and self-government agreements, Indigenous women are encouraged to return to community leadership roles, which had been displaced by the imposition of colonial structures under the Indian Act. Increased self-determination is an indicator of good governance and is likely to positively impact First Nations going forward. Further, communities operating under their own land codes experience increased potential for economic and social development.

Data Sources: CIRNAC

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

First Nations

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Anishinabek Nation

This measure enables the Yellowknives Dene First Nation to study the negative impacts of the operation of Giant Mine, work with the government to resolve identified issues, and ensure the community has opportunities to realize economic benefits associated with the Giant Mine Remediate Project. Funding will be provided to the First Nation and the community will determine how it is allocated according to their priorities.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment

Health – Self-rated health

Environment – Satisfaction with local environment

Good Governance – Discrimination and unfair treatment; Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

First Nations

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Northern Communities

This initiative will benefit Muslim communities in Canada by providing an opportunity for them to tell their own stories. Muslims are the largest religious minority groups in Canada. In the 2011 Census, more than 1 million people identified as Muslim. From an ethnic identity perspective, the Canadian Muslim population is also very diverse. Today, it is estimated that 3 to 5 per cent of the nation's total population is Muslim. This initiative will also benefit all Canadians, as supporting Muslim narratives would help forge best practices and conversations across Canada about diversity and living with differences together.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Positive perceptions of diversity; Sense of pride/belonging to Canada;

Participation in cultural or religious practices recreation or sport; Sense of belonging to local community

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Discrimination and unfair treatment

Target Population:

Muslim communities in Canada

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional characteristics:

Muslim communities

This measure directly benefits seniors and people with disabilities, as well as family members who may be supporting them. This represents a broadly gender-balanced group, with seniors making up about 65 per cent of expected beneficiaries.

Data Sources: Tax filer data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Acceptable housing

Health – Home care needs met

Society – Accessible environments

Target Population:

Seniors, Persons with Disabilities

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Family Caregivers

The measure is expected to lighten shortfalls faced by news media businesses and support the employment of journalists and reporters, and local news and television/radio broadcasters. All Canadians are expected to benefit from fair compensation for news media businesses, as it will enable news media to continue to fulfill its important civic function.

Data Sources: Department of Canadian Heritage

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Firm growth

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Misinformation/trust in media

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Local news media

This measure will promote coverage for publications serving the LGBTQ2, Indigenous, ethno-cultural, rural and Official Language Minority communities, while also supporting greater representation in newsrooms. As such, it will help to bolster a more reflective Canadian identity, bridge communities and foster dialogue and a sense of belonging. This will ensure Canadians of diverse backgrounds are able to see themselves meaningfully represented. Moreover, increased access to local news in communities across Canada will have positive impacts on democratic participation, social cohesion and community identities.

Data Sources: Department of Canadian Heritage

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Positive perceptions of diversity; Sense of belonging to local community

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Misinformation/trust in media

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

LGBTQ2, Indigenous peoples, Ethno-cultural, rural and Visible Minorities and Official Language Minority Communities

This measure will benefit all Canadians. A horizontal, coordinated approach to emergency management and preparedness will reduce vulnerabilities across many domains—such as climate adaptation (and associated flooding or forest fires), public health, and cyber security—regardless of a person’s gender or other identity factors. This will include working together with Indigenous communities, civil society organizations, and all provinces, territories, and municipalities.

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Protection from income shocks

Health – Health-adjusted life expectancy; Self-rated mental health

Environment – Natural disasters and emergencies; Climate change adaptation

Society – Trust in others

Good Governance – Household emergency preparedness; Confidence in institutions; Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

The residents of Lac-Mégantic will benefit from measures that support the community’s social and economic recovery from the 2013 train derailment. The town’s residents have a lower total median income compared to the Quebec average. Federal contributions to recovery and decontamination projects benefit the community by increasing employment opportunities in key local sectors, including natural resources, retail trade, and manufacturing. They also contribute to the social cohesion of the community, and help residents to return to their normal lives by recovering disaster losses. The rail bypass project will help residents recover from the trauma of the tragedy, two-thirds of whom have reported suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of the accident. By diverting rail traffic around Lac-Mégantic, the project will also provide additional safety benefits to the community, such as fewer at-level crossings. Construction of the rail bypass will also indirectly benefit the construction industry. As recorded in the 2016 Census, those employed by the construction sector identified as men (87 per cent), immigrants (18 per cent) and visible minorities (11 per cent), including Black Canadians (2 per cent).

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Santé publique du CIUSSS de l'Estrie

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Future outlook; Acceptable housing; Employment; Productivity

Health – Self-rated mental health

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Residents of Lac-Mégantic

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Construction sector

Canada’s performing arts workforce is characterized by lower incomes, as well as high-rates of self-employment and precarious job status. The co-production of shows and performances by the National Arts Centre and commercial or not-for-profit performing arts organizations will help spur economic activity in the sector, creating jobs for artists and behind-the-scenes workers. According to the 2016 Census, a slightly greater proportion of women are artists (52 per cent) and cultural workers (51 per cent). Indigenous artists, Black and racialized artists account for 3.1 per cent and 15 per cent of all Canadian artists, respectively.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Labour underutilization

Society – Sense of pride/belonging to Canada; Participation in cultural or religious practices, recreation or sport;

Sense of belonging to local community

Target Population:

Performing Arts Sector

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Performing Arts Sector

This measure would modify the rules in the Income Tax Act to allow organizations to more easily receive funding from registered charities that may have traditionally been unavailable to them. Evidence indicates that organizations serving marginalized, Indigenous, Black and racialized communities are often underfunded by charities. For example, a recent study found that Black-led and Black serving community service organizations received less than one per cent of total funds disbursed by Canada’s largest foundations. To the extent that this measure facilitates the ability of charities to more easily and equitably allocate funding, underserved communities would be expected to benefit through the provision of increased services such as education, health care and other services. In terms of charities providing services outside of Canada, much of this funding is also expected to benefit underprivileged people and households in other countries.

Data Sources: Ontario Nonprofit Network, Foundation for Black Communities, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Charitable, nonprofit sectors

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Charitable, nonprofit sectors

This measure is expected to increase overall levels of funding to registered charities to support their programs and activities, which will benefit a wide-variety of people - including beneficiaries of charitable programs in Canada and abroad. Typically larger institutional charities such as hospitals and universities are the primary recipients of grants from charitable foundations. However, as this measure would increase funding for charities overall, it is also expected to increase funding for vulnerable populations. For example, it is estimated that approximately 13 per cent of donations from private foundations are to organizations that relieve poverty and serve underprivileged households. Indirectly, the measure is expected to benefit persons employed in the charitable sector. It is estimated that approximately 75 per cent of people employed in the non-profit and charitable sector are women.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Post-secondary attainment; Protection from income shocks

Health – Children vulnerable in early development; Unmet health care needs

Society – Participation in cultural or religious practices, recreation or sport; Volunteering;

Sense of belonging to local community

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Charitable Sector

This measure is expected to directly benefit Indigenous and racialized artists and arts training organizations by providing increased support for these communities. Indigenous artists, Black and racialized artists account for 3.1 per cent and 15 per cent of all Canadian artists, respectively, somewhat lower than their shares of the overall labour force (3.9 per cent and 21 per cent). A more inclusive Canadian professional arts training sector will ultimately benefit all Canadians by supporting an Arts and Culture sector that is more representative of Canada’s diversity.

Data Sources: Canadian Heritage

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Employment; Child, student and adult skills

Society – Participation in cultural or religious practices, recreation or sport; Positive perceptions of diversity

Target Population:

Arts training sector, Indigenous and racialized artists

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Indigenous and racialized arts training organizations

The proposed additional taxes on financial institutions would contribute to paying for general government programs and expenses, which benefit all Canadians. Banking and life insurance businesses will be directly affected by the measure. The measure may carry some indirect negative impacts for shareholders, consumers, and workers of these businesses. Higher-income and higher net-worth individuals, a group in which older men are overrepresented, have higher consumption of financial services and generally hold more shares in Canadian businesses. Close to 60 per cent of workers at banking and life insurance businesses are women.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Personal and Corporate Tax Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This tax integrity measure benefits all Canadians through a fairer tax system. Largely affecting Canadian banking groups, it is not anticipated to have any specific gender implications. To the extent that it reduces profits, it could have a small impact on banks’ shareholders, customers or employees. Any negative impacts on share price would predominately impact men, as they realize 60 per cent of the total value of capital gains on shares.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data.

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This is a tax integrity measure that would benefit all Canadians by protecting the Canadian tax base from erosion. It is expected that this will largely impact men, who have benefitted from this planning in the past. Data from across all business sizes during the 2005-2013 period demonstrates that men-owned enterprises outnumbered women-owned enterprises, 67 per cent to 18 per cent. Additionally, as shares in corporations are disproportionately owned by the wealthy, it is expected that people with high incomes are more likely to feel the impacts of no longer being able to rely on this planning.

Data Sources: Canada Revenue Agency

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

All Canadians benefit from a fairer tax system. It is expected that those paying their fair share due to this measure will predominantly be men. Data from 2017 on small and medium enterprises demonstrates that men-owned enterprises outnumbered women-owned enterprises 64 per cent to 16 per cent.

Data Sources: Internal Administrative Data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This is a tax integrity measure that benefits Canadians through a fairer tax system. Impacts will be felt by those who have used sophisticated methods to avoid paying their fair share, who are predominantly higher-income men. Men are more likely than women to be shareholders of corporations, and to earn more than $200,000 in annual income.

Data Sources: Internal administrative data, Canada Revenue Agency

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This measure benefits all Canadians as it protects and enhances the corporate income tax base. It improves Canadians’ perception of tax fairness and equality by ensuring that larger multinational corporations pay a minimum level of tax on their profits. The measure also has a positive impact on Canada’s international reputation, as it implements an internationally negotiated agreement among 137 countries.

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio

Good Governance – Canada’s place in the world; Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This measure benefits all Canadians through a fairer tax system. The tax revenues raised from implementing the new accounting standard are temporary and of a transitory nature. Any short-term indirect impacts are expected to be small at the individual level and to fall on higher-income and higher net-worth individuals, who generally consume more financial services and invest relatively more in insurance. This group is also more likely to be men.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

These measures to combat tax avoidance and evasion focus on larger entities, wealthy people and non-residents. This will benefit all Canadians by protecting tax revenue that helps to pay for government services which provide greater benefit to low-to-middle income Canadians. With respect to those subject to compliance action, taxpayers are selected based on risk, not gender or other identity characteristics. However, statistically, more men and businesses owned by men may be examined due to gender differences in business ownership and non-compliant activity. These measures also contribute to building Canadians’ confidence in the fairness and integrity of the tax system by taking actions against those who avoid paying their fair share.

Data Sources: Canada Revenue Agency

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Access to fair and equal justice

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This tax reduction measure specifically benefits firms in the beer industry producing beer with no more than 0.5 per cent alcohol by volume. Beer production firms are primarily located in or near urban regions; growers of the inputs for beer are likely to be located in rural areas and may also indirectly benefit. Approximately 72 per cent of people employed in beverage manufacturing are men. Approximately 59 per cent of beer sold in Canada is consumed by men. This measure also contributes to health and mental health outcomes by promoting the consumption of beer with lower alcohol content.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth

Health – Self-rated health; Self-rated mental health

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Beer industry

The government recognizes the critical role that gender equality has in building a strong economy that works for everyone. While all Canadians will benefit from a review process that aligns government resources to priority policy objectives, it is important to understand how programs and services affect different people differently, with a view to allocating government resources more equitably and efficiently. To achieve this, a comprehensive intersectional GBA Plus lens will be applied to the review, to ensure that its recommendations improve the quality of life of not only men and women, but all gender-diverse people. This will encourage continual improvement in how major programs and policies contribute to meeting the biggest challenges of our time, including achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, improving fairness and equality and promoting quality of life and growth for everyone.

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Reliable and accessible digital government services benefit Canadians and others who use government services. The Canadian Digital Service (CDS) focuses on services that achieve high standards of accessibility and on meeting the needs of diverse populations, such as veterans, immigrants, and Canadians applying for COVID-19 economic relief measures. In particular, the CDS focuses on those who might be otherwise underserved or marginalized, such as people with disabilities and people living in rural areas.

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Time use

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Underserved or marginalized groups

The Council of Economic Advisors will have indirect effects across many quality of life domains via its advice on the government’s economic policy. This advice is intended to help Canada achieve a higher standard of living, better quality of life, and inclusive growth, to the benefit of all Canadians. The establishment of a permanent Council of Economic Advisors will act to support public confidence in the government’s economic policies and decision making. Council’s chair and members will include a representative group of leaders to be recruited from Canada’s academic and business sector economists.

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Strengthened public sector pension plan governance will benefit current and future plan members and their survivors.

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Public sector pension plan members

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Improvements to whistleblower protections and supports benefit federal public servants. The review could also help provide greater transparency as well as confidence in government, which benefits all Canadians.

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Federal government workers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

All Canadian financial consumers will benefit from a strengthened external complaints handling system involving banks. In particular, those with lower levels of financial literacy are expected to greatly benefit from a process that is easy to access and navigate. Women, youth and those living in low-income households are generally more at risk of having low levels of financial knowledge and confidence.

Data Sources: Financial Consumer Agency of Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Financial well-being

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Vulnerable Groups

The review will ensure that the digitalization of money and financial services takes place responsibly, help maintain the integrity of the financial system, promote fair competition, and protect both the finances of Canadians and our national security. As part of the review, the Department of Finance will conduct additional analysis on how the digitalization of money will impact financial inclusion and Canadians of different backgrounds. Any policy change that comes out of the legislative review is expected to benefit all Canadians.

Data Sources: OECD, IMF, Bank for International Settlements

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Financial well-being

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

The proposed funding would broadly benefit those residing in Yukon and the Northwest Territories. These territories have the highest proportion of Indigenous peoples in the country, making up 51 per cent of the population in Northwest Territories and 21 per cent in Yukon, compared to 5 per cent of the total Canadian population. In particular, the proposed funding would support the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation’s participation in the implementation of this Accord.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Yukon, Northwest Territories, Inuit

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Remote Populations, Northern Residents, Inuit persons

This is a tax integrity measure that benefits all Canadians through a fairer tax system. Consequential investigations are likely to generate increased tax assessments on RRSPs and RRIFs held by high-income taxpayers, who tend to be men. This measure is expected to increase revenues, which could help to reduce the federal-debt-to-GDP ratio.

Data Sources: Canada Revenue Agency, Internal Administrative Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This measure affects both producers and consumers of Canadian wine. For producers, approximately 72 per cent of people employed in beverage manufacturing are men. For consumers of wine, consumption is roughly gender-balanced with women consuming slightly more than men and people over 50 consuming more than those under 50. Producers of wine are mostly concentrated in rural areas of Ontario, Québec, Nova Scotia and British Columbia. This measure results in increased revenues.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Federal debt-to-GDP ratio

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This measure is expected to benefit public health care, which is generally accessible to all Canadians. It will provide enhanced tax-relief to eligible charities and non-profit organizations that provide health care services similar to those traditionally performed in hospitals that are delivered with the active involvement of, or on the recommendation of, a nurse practitioner. This measure is also expected to benefit nurse practitioners. Based on 2020 data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information, the majority of the nurse practitioner workforce is found in urban geographies and licensed nurse practitioners are predominantly women and people in the 30 to 60 year old age range.

Data Sources: Canadian Institute for Health Information

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Timely access to primary health care provider; Long-term care (access and quality)

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Health Care Sector, Non-government Organizations, Charities

Additional resources will support enhanced analysis of key government priorities—such as addressing climate change—benefiting all Canadians, and will increase transparency through the timely production of documents for Canadians. Indirect benefits accrue to people hired by the Privy Council Office, who tend to be university-educated, mid-to-higher income, working-age people.

Quality of Life Impacts

Environment – Climate change adaptation; Greenhouse gas emissions

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This measure will benefit all Canadians indirectly by increasing the diversity of voices being heard in Senate processes and Parliamentary appointments. A long-term indirect benefit is to maintain a gender balance in the Senate and ensure ongoing representation of Indigenous peoples, linguistic and ethnic minority groups.

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Positive perceptions of diversity

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Representation in senior leadership positions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

The Debt Management Strategy sets out the Government of Canada’s objectives, strategy and borrowing plan for its domestic debt program and the management of its official international reserves. The government will seek to maximize the financing of COVID-19-related debt through long-term issuance. This prudent approach aims to lower future annual refinancing needs.

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

An extended copyright term directly benefits people working in cultural industries, who hold copyrights in works with lasting economic value. It would also benefit family members and others who inherit the copyright, as they would be able to continue to receive royalties for an additional 20 years. There is no data regarding the gender and demographic characteristics of these specific people. In the information, culture and recreation sector (which includes creative industries), where copyright term extension would be most impactful, men represent about 56 per cent of employees.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth

Target Population:

Creative and Cultural Industries

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

American copyright holders

The legislative amendments included in the second Annual Regulatory Modernization Bill are not expected to result in any significant gender or demographic impacts. Some individual amendments may target certain sectors more than others. For example, proposed amendments to the Agricultural and Products Marketing Act and Seeds Act will have a more direct impact on the agriculture sector. Similarly, proposed amendments to the Fisheries Act and Coastal Fisheries Protections Act, will have a more direct impact on marine and fisheries sectors. However, given the broad range of proposed amendments, and an emphasis on reducing burden for businesses, the Bill is expected to benefit businesses across all sectors.

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Future outlook; Firm growth; Productivity

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

These legislative amendments would improve the functioning of the College of Patent Agents and Trademark Agents and better enable it to fulfil its role as a public interest regulator of those who are licensed to assist firms with intellectual property services. Therefore, the benefits are expected to accrue broadly to all Canadians.

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

The amendments will increase clarity and reduce administrative burden for federal government departments seeking to comply with the Service Fees Act, and improve government transparency and accountability, benefiting all Canadians.

Data Sources: Internal Administrative Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

These measures directly benefit Canadians with a federally regulated private sector pension plan, regardless of identity characteristics. These plans include those linked to federally regulated areas of employment (e.g., banking, telecommunications, interprovincial transportation) as well as pension plans in the territories and certain Crown corporations. In 2020, men accounted for approximately 59 per cent of all private sector workers in federally regulated defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans. However, women tend to have a longer life expectancy, meaning that they could receive benefits over a longer period of time.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Household incomes

Health – Self-rated mental health

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Beneficiaries of Federally Regulated Private Pension Plans

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

No specific gender or other impacts are anticipated from these legislative amendments as no substantive changes will be made to eligibility and admissibility requirements for foreign nationals to enter and remain in Canada.

Data Sources: Internal Administrative Data

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Temporary Residents

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

These legislative amendments would help support the continued independence of Canada’s judiciary to uphold the rights of Canadians and safeguard the rule of law, thereby strengthening public confidence in the judiciary and the courts and benefiting all Canadians. This measure has a direct impact on the compensation and benefits of federally-appointed judges, 44 per cent of whom are women. As a judge must have at least 10 years of experience as a lawyer to be eligible for federal judicial appointments, and judges can serve until the age of 75, the primary beneficiaries are between the ages of 45 and 75 years old.

Data Sources: Office of the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Federally-Appointed Judiciary

This measure is expected to contribute to improving public confidence in the fairness and integrity of Canada’s tax system by eliminating an historic tax exemption granted to the Canadian Pacific Railway Company.

Data Sources: Department of Justice Canada, Legislative records

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Access to Canada Revenue Agency data for Canada Pension Plan (CPP) program analysis, research and evaluation would support the government’s commitment to evidence-based policy development and GBA Plus analysis. In particular, this data would support CPP research and analysis pertaining to groups such as Canada Pension Plan survivors, disability pension recipients and low-income seniors. Of the 1.2 million CPP survivors’ pension recipients, 79.6 per cent are women.

Data Sources: Administrative data

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

CPP Survivors and Disability Pension Recipients

Women are expected to be the main beneficiaries of these changes, given that women have a higher incidence of disability than men and are generally the primary caregivers of dependent children under the age of seven. Young women who have just entered the workforce would benefit the most from these changes. These changes also protect the benefits of persons with disabilities, who are less likely to be employed and more likely to be living in poverty than those without disabilities.

Data Sources: Administrative data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Persons with Disabilities, Parents

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Seniors

The new Employment Insurance Boards of Appeal will benefit applicants seeking an appeal in the recourse process and their employers. Low-income workers are more likely to claim EI benefits and would benefit from the new Boards of Appeal. The regionally dispersed model of the Boards may also improve access to the recourse process for workers in rural and remote regions, in contrast to the current centralized appeals model.

Data Sources: EI Monitoring and Assessment Report

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Protection from income shocks

Good Governance – Discrimination and unfair treatment; Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Rural and Remote Regions

The legislative amendments facilitate access to capital for property and casualty insurance companies, ensure that approval requirements for financial sector transactions apply regardless of how they are structured, adjust the time-limited permissions of the investment regime to ensure they are used appropriately, strengthen governance at the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, and update proxy solicitation provisions for certain financial institutions. These amendments support the integrity, effectiveness and stability of the financial system, thereby building Canadians’ confidence in financial institutions.

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Financial stability

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This measure benefits all Canadians by enhancing the Canada Revenue Agency’s ability to ensure everyone pays their fair share. This measure also makes it easier for workers in the digital economy to be aware of their tax obligations by requiring online platforms to provide relevant tax information to their users. This measure has a positive impact on Canada’s international reputation and improves Canadians’ perception of tax fairness by leveling the playing field between the digital economy and more traditional businesses.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Confidence in institutions; Canada’s place in the world

Target Population:

All Canadians

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This measure is expected to have a positive impact for Indigenous communities by ensuring that the Special Allowance is paid in respect of children in need of protection moving into the care of their community. As the Special Allowance is to be applied exclusively toward the care, maintenance, and education of the child, this measure helps support the well-being of vulnerable Indigenous children in care. The changes to the Canada Child Benefit and Canada Workers Benefit for those caring for children in need of protection are consistent with the current administration of these benefits by the Canada Revenue Agency. These changes are thus not expected to affect actual outcomes for kinship care providers, but will help to clarify the rules around these benefits for Indigenous communities.

Data Sources: Internal Administrative Data, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Health – Children vulnerable in early development

Society – Sense of belonging to local community

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

Indigenous peoples, Children

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

GBA Plus Responsive Approach

The Government of Canada has made recent investments in outreach initiatives, support and assistance with tax filing for on-reserve populations, in an effort to improve access to the Canada Child Benefit and other benefits.

This measure will benefit the Nisga’a Nation and its citizens once tax policy measures are brought into effect through the execution of amendments to the Nisga’a Nation Taxation Agreement, in support of self-determination. There are no unintended differential impacts based on gender identity, age or income.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada, Indigenous Services Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Good Governance – Indigenous self-determination

Target Population:

Nisga’a Government and its Citizens

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

First Nations

This measure provides greater financial stability, such as liquidity management and expanded investment strategies, for defined benefit registered pension plans in Canada. It has an indirect benefit on the security of pension benefits of Canadians who are members of such pension plans. The membership of defined benefit pension plans is generally gender-balanced, representing all adult age groups (from young workers to retirees) and generally from middle-income Canadians. The employees and retirees in defined benefit plans typically have higher incomes than cohorts who participate in defined contribution pension plans or who do not participate in pension plans.

Data Sources: Internal review, submissions from stakeholders

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Protection from income shocks; Financial well-being

Target Population:

Pension plan members

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

This measure would directly impact some excise-licensed cannabis producers by providing certain smaller licensees with more flexibility in meeting their excise duty obligations. The measure may also indirectly impact consumers of cannabis, since a robust legal cannabis market would ensure that those consumers have stable, continued access to legal products. Young people from 16 - 24 years old have the highest rates of cannabis consumption. More men consume cannabis than women, 29 per cent versus 22 per cent in 2021.

Data Sources: Health Canada, Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Prosperity – Firm growth

Target Population:

Cannabis Producers

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Jewish communities across Canada, which include persons who identify as ethnic, cultural or religious Jews, benefit from legislation that prohibits the willful promotion of antisemitism where an individual condones, denies or downplays the Holocaust. All Canadians ultimately benefit from a society that is free of antisemitism. According to Statistics Canada, Jewish people were the target of 13 per cent of police-reported hate crimes across Canada in 2020, which was a five per cent increase over the year before, from 306 to 321 incidents. Additionally, the B’nai Brith Canada 2020 Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents also reported a record number of antisemitism cases in 2020, up 18.3 per cent from 2019.

Data Sources: Statistics Canada

Quality of Life Impacts

Society – Positive perceptions of diversity

Good Governance – Discrimination and unfair treatment; Confidence in institutions

Target Population:

Jewish people

GBA Plus Timing:

Expected Benefits:

Gender:

Income Distribution:

Inter-generational:

Additional Characteristics:

Jewish people