Chapter 6:
A Fair Future for Indigenous Peoples

A fair Canada is one where the government continues making meaningful progress in the journey of reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples. The federal government continues to prioritize its responsibility to help ensure First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities have what they need to grow and succeed on their own terms.

In 2015, the federal government made a commitment to chart a new path of reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples. Based on the recognition of rights, respect, and partnerships, true reconciliation brings with it the opportunity for all people in Canada to know ourselves and our collective histories better.

Reconciliation starts with renewed Nation-to-Nation, Government-to-Government, and Inuit-Crown relationships and strengthening partnerships with rights holders.

• In 2017, the Crown and Inuit partners established the Inuit-Crown Partnership Committee through the Inuit Nunangat Declaration on Inuit-Crown Partnership. The committee serves as the primary mechanism for advancing reconciliation between Inuit and the Crown, where significant Inuit-Crown priorities have advanced, including the Inuit Nunangat Policy and Inuit-specific investments.
• In 2017, the federal government and Métis partners established the Métis Permanent Bilateral Mechanism. This process has resulted in better policy and informed investments into Métis communities.
• In 2017, the federal government and First Nation partners established the Assembly of First Nations Permanent Bilateral Mechanism. This committee strengthened a whole of government focus to investing in First Nations led approaches.
• In 2023, the federal government held its inaugural meeting of the Self-Governing and Modern Treaty Intergovernmental Leaders' Forum to advance the work to uphold the spirit and intent of Treaties.

In addition, Parliament passed the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act. Together, the federal government and Indigenous partners co-developed the resulting inaugural five-year Action Plan to provide a roadmap for the work towards increased self-determination and rights recognition for Indigenous Peoples in Canada.

Through long-term investments, the federal government and Indigenous partners are working to foster strong, healthy, and prosperous Indigenous communities for generations to come.

The past year has seen the achievement of important milestones along the path to reconciliation:

• The Federal Court approved an historic $23.3 billion settlement to compensate those who were harmed by the discriminatory underfunding of the First Nations Child and Family Services program and the government's narrow definition of Jordan's Principle.
• The Urban, Rural, and Northern Indigenous Housing Strategy, supported by $4 billion over seven years, is currently being co-developed with Indigenous partners.
• The new $2 billion Indigenous Health Equity Fund will address the unique challenges Indigenous people face when accessing health care services.
• An infusion of $1.6 billion will help ensure First Nations children receive the support they need under Jordan's Principle.
• Several more coordination agreements were finalized under An Act Respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families—a key step towards reducing the number of Indigenous children in care and keeping them connected to their families, communities, and cultures.
• The Inuit-led Qanuippitaa? National Inuit Health Survey continued to roll out to communities to collect up-to-date information to better understand health strengths and challenges at the regional and national levels and contribute to changes that will improve the health and well-being of Inuit.

Budget 2024 continues this work by proposing investments that will advance the health and well-being of Indigenous children, youth, families, and communities. This budget also proposes investments in Indigenous self-determination and economic reconciliation.

It's only fair that Indigenous communities build prosperity—on their own terms. And for that, they need new tools that are reflective of their unique needs and enable them to exercise their right to self-determination. The government is offering more flexible options for Indigenous Peoples to exercise tax jurisdiction; providing support for entrepreneurship, tourism, and clean energy; and facilitating access to affordable capital.

Health outcomes for Indigenous people remain below those of the general population. This is just one of the many harmful legacies of colonialism which must be addressed at every level. To improve health outcomes and ensure the most vulnerable Indigenous people have the support they need, the government is strengthening on-reserve income assistance and disability income support programs, and investing in primary health care, mental health, and food security.

To make progress towards safe, secure communities, the government is addressing the overrepresentation of Indigenous Peoples in the justice system and enhancing funding for community policing, and emergency management and preparedness.

Budget 2024, and ongoing initiatives, will contribute to meaningful improvements in the lives of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis families and communities, and advance the work of building a better Canada for generations today and tomorrow.

Key Investments in First Nations Priorities Since 2015

• $29 billion for child welfare services, including funding to implement An Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families, to maintain and enhance the First Nations Child and Family Services Program, and to support ongoing negotiations towards additional program reforms;
• Nearly $8.1 billion to meet the health, social, and education needs of First Nations children through Jordan's Principle;
• $7.2 billion to support primary care and public health on reserve, distinctions-based mental health care, and non-insured health benefits. This also includes $1.2 billion in infrastructure funding, which has already supported 248 health-related projects in First Nations communities;
• Over $6.1 billion for elementary and secondary education to help First Nations children living on reserve receive high-quality schooling. This also includes $1.8 billion in infrastructure funding, which has already supported 310 school facility projects;
• Over $6.3 billion to address critical infrastructure gaps related to water and wastewater, and accelerate progress to end long-term and short-term drinking water advisories in First Nations communities on reserve;
• Over $4 billion to support First Nations housing on reserve;
• Almost $2.5 billion to support community infrastructure on reserve;
• $1.4 billion to advance housing, water and wastewater, and community infrastructure priorities in Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations;
• Nearly $2.5 billion to build an early learning and child care system that meets the needs of First Nations families;
• $991 million for First Nations and Inuit policing and police facilities to provide access to local and culturally sensitive police services that make communities safer; and,
• $417 million targeted for First Nations post-secondary education.

Key Investments in Inuit Priorities Since 2015

• $25 million to implement the Inuit Nunangat Policy, which was co-developed with Inuit and will guide the federal government in design, development, and delivery of new and renewed federal programming, policies, and initiatives;
• Over $1.3 billion to support housing in Inuit communities;
• $43.7 million to eliminate tuberculosis in Inuit Nunangat by 2030;
• $5.6 billion for non-insured health benefits and distinctions-based mental health care;
• More than $230 million for Inuit communities to build an early learning and child care system that meets the needs of Inuit families;
• $220 million to meet the health, social, and education needs of Inuit children through the Inuit Child First Initiative;
• More than $76 million to support Inuit food security;
• $70 million to support the National Inuit Suicide Prevention Strategy;
• $991 million for First Nations and Inuit policing and police facilities to provide access to local and culturally sensitive police services that make communities safer; and,
• More than $125 million for the Inuit Post-Secondary Education Strategy.

Key Investments in Métis Priorities Since 2015

• More than $860 million for Métis communities to build an early learning and child care system that meets the needs of Métis families;
• $690 million to support housing in Métis communities;
• More than $400 million towards Métis communities' skills and employment training, economic development, and to support the startup and expansion of Métis small- and medium-sized businesses;
• $867 million to support distinctions-based mental health care and the monitoring and treatment of chronic diseases; and,
• More than $360 million for the Métis Nation Post‑Secondary Education Strategy.

Delivering on Indigenous Priorities

For too long, previous governments have failed to invest in the future of Indigenous Peoples. Since 2015, the government has been reversing this trend.

The government has worked with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis partners to make meaningful, distinctions-based investments that respond to Indigenous-identified priorities.

Investing in Indigenous Priorities

Spending on Indigenous priorities has increased significantly since 2015 (181 per cent) with spending for 2023-24 estimated to be over $30.5 billion, rising further to a forecast of approximately $32 billion in 2024-25.

Notably, Budget 2024 includes $2.3 billion over five years to renew existing programming.

In addition to these investments, since 2015, the federal government has worked collaboratively with Indigenous Peoples to honour treaty rights, resolve historical wrongs, implement rights, and reinvigorate the modern treaty process. Work to advance reconciliation and support Indigenous self-determination has increased the federal government's total recorded liabilities from $11 billion in 2015-16 to $76 billion in 2022-23, as noted in the 2023 Fall Economic Statement. Of this amount, the vast majority relate to Indigenous claims, providing compensation for past harms of colonialism. This reflects the progress the federal government has made to advance reconciliation by addressing the lasting impacts of colonialism while supporting healing for every generation, from Survivors to their descendants and those that will come after.

Investments to date have improved the lives of Indigenous people and created new opportunities in communities across the country. By partnering with Indigenous people and service providers, these investments have delivered better access to health care, education, child and family services, housing, and infrastructure. For example:

• In 2015, there were 11 mental wellness teams serving 86 communities across Canada (not counting British Columbia, where mental wellness services are managed and provided by the First Nations Health Authority). By 2023, federal investments increased this figure to 75 teams serving over 385 First Nations and Inuit communities.
• Sturgeon Lake First Nation had its first midwife-assisted birth in the community in more than 50 years with support from program funding provided in Budget 2017. In October 2023, supported by investments in Budget 2021, the community broke ground on a standalone birthing centre—the first of its kind to be built on reserve. 
• As of March 2023, 10 First Nations and Inuit laws on child and family services have come into force, advancing self-determination as communities exercise their jurisdiction.
• A landmark Regional Education Agreement was signed in July 2022 with the First Nations Education Council in Quebec, enabled by Budget 2022 investments of $310.6 million over five years to improve student outcomes. This agreement supports 22 First Nations communities in Quebec, funding over 6,000 students based on their communities' vision for education.
• Since 2016, the federal government has invested over $2 billion to build or improve 310 school facilities, of which 180 are completed and 130 are ongoing, benefitting 319 First Nations communities.
• Since 2016, the federal government has invested over $710 million in 286 health-related infrastructure projects, of which 260 are completed and 70 are ongoing, benefitting 214 First Nations communities.
• On December 15, 2022, the Framework Agreement on First Nation Land Management Act came into force, replacing the repealed First Nations Land Management Act. This new legislation, co-developed with the Lands Advisory Board, supports First Nations who wish to reclaim jurisdiction over their reserve lands. With more than 100 First Nations already managing their lands through a land code, in 2022-23, nine First Nations became signatories to the Framework Agreement, and three reasserted jurisdiction over their lands, environment, and natural resources outside of the Indian Act.
• Since 2016, Inuit have constructed close to 500 new homes, repaired a significant number of existing units, and have undertaken critical land development, supported by the federal government's distinctions-based housing investments.
• The 2019 signing of the Métis Nation Early Learning and Child Care Accord was an important milestone in supporting the self-determination of Indigenous communities across Canada and ensuring culturally appropriate and high-quality programs and services for Métis children and families.

In total, these investments represent approximately $200 billion in support for Indigenous Peoples.

Infrastructure investments, in particular, have been prioritized by Indigenous partners and the federal government. Between 2015 and 2023, $22.3 billion in targeted funding has been allocated toward more than 10,252 infrastructure projects that are building more homes in Indigenous communities.

To address on-reserve housing needs, Indigenous Services Canada is working with the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation to support projects in First Nations communities, including new builds, retrofits, and renovations. These include:

• 4,982 housing-related infrastructure projects (2,550 completed), benefitting 611 First Nations communities;
• Building 5,875 new homes across 1,308 projects;
• Renovating and upgrading 12,793 homes across 1,502 projects; and,
• Acquiring 3,324 lots for Indigenous people to develop across 393 projects.

Healing and Addressing Past Harms

Since 2015, the federal government has overhauled the Crown's approach to litigation by prioritizing negotiation whenever a settlement is possible—and taking a principled approach to litigation when it is not.

The federal government seeks to work together with parties to address past wrongs to the extent possible through financial compensation, meaningful apologies, and corrective action, which can help bring closure and promote healing—all reflective of what we've heard from engaging directly with Indigenous partners. In recent years, the federal government and Indigenous partners have resolved several longstanding grievances through settlements that correct the harms caused by Canada's historic wrongdoings. Although no settlement will absolve the trauma, pain, and lost opportunities inflicted by historic wrongdoings, these agreements support Indigenous people and communities to pursue new opportunities to heal and rebuild from the harmful legacies of colonialism.

• In December 2023, a settlement was approved that will compensate Indigenous people who were placed in Federal Indian Boarding Homes (Percival) while attending school far from their home communities, including those who suffered physical, sexual, or other abuse.
• In October 2023, an historic $23.3 billion settlement was approved to compensate First Nations children on reserves and in Yukon who were removed from their homes through involvement in the child and family services system, and those impacted by the federal government's narrow definition of Jordan's principle, as well as their caregivers.
• In June 2023, Canada, Ontario, and the 21 First Nations who are signatories to the Robinson-Huron Treaty reached a $10 billion settlement with $5 billion contributions from both Canada and Ontario to compensate for unpaid past treaty annuities promised through a treaty that dates to 1850. The communities received the full settlement payment on March 25, 2024, and they are now working to finalize their collective disbursement agreements.
• In March 2023, a settlement was approved to address harms suffered by First Nations communities as a result of Indian Residential Schools (Gottfriedson Band Class). Canada provided $2.8 billion to establish the Four Pillars Society to support healing, wellness, education, heritage, language, and commemoration activities.
• In June 2022, a $1.3 billion land claim settlement was reached with the Siksika Nation to resolve wrongs from over a century ago, including when the Government of Canada broke its Blackfoot Treaty promise and wrongfully took almost half of Siksika Nation's reserve land to sell to settlers.
• In December 2021, an $8 billion Safe Drinking Water Settlement Agreement was approved, including funding to directly compensate Indigenous people and affected First Nations, and to ensure reliable access to safe drinking water on reserves.
• In September 2021, a settlement was approved to compensate Indian Residential Schools Day Scholars (Gottfriedson) who attended Indian Residential Schools but returned to their homes at night. While Day Scholars could seek compensation for sexual and serious physical abuse through the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement Independent Assessment Process, they were unable to receive a Common Experience Payment.
• In August 2019, the Federal Indian Day Schools (McLean) Settlement was approved to compensate Indigenous people for the harms they suffered as a result of attending a federally operated day school. A total of $7 billion has been allocated to date.
• In December 2018, the Sixties Scoop Settlement was approved to compensate First Nations and Inuit people who were adopted by non-Indigenous families, became Crown wards or who were placed in permanent care settings during the Sixties Scoop.
• The Specific Claims process resolves past wrongs against First Nations, such as the mismanagement of lands and assets or the unfulfilled promises of historic treaties, through negotiation and outside of the court system. From January 2016 to January 31, 2024, 283 claims were resolved for close to $10 billion. Since the process was created in 1973, a total of $13.9 billion has been provided to resolve 688 specific claims.

These settlements total to over $57 billion combined.

Lifting Drinking Water Advisories in First Nations Communities

Everyone in Canada should have access to safe and clean drinking water.

In November 2015, the federal government committed to ending all 105 long-term drinking water advisories affecting First Nations communities on reserve. Since then, 144 long-term drinking water advisories have been lifted across the country. And a further 271 short-term drinking water advisories have been addressed before becoming long-term advisories. This has resulted in 94 per cent of First Nations communities now having clean water.

This has been possible because of the tireless work of First Nations communities water operators, and the more than $6.3 billion invested by the federal government to build 130 new water and wastewater treatment plants and to repair or upgrade 876 other systems. These investments have also provided resources to hire and train local technicians to support the effective management and maintenance of water systems.

First Nations have long called for effective safe drinking water legislation and a national regulatory regime that meets their needs and ensures clean, safe, and reliable drinking water for generations to come. This is why the government tabled Bill C-61, the First Nations Clean Water Act, which was developed with First Nations to affirm their inherent rights to self-government in relation to water, source water, drinking water, wastewater, and related infrastructure on, in, and under First Nation lands.

The proposed bill further aims to recognize the importance of their stewardship over lands and waters, and to lay the foundation for a First Nations-led water institution to support communities as they look to exercise jurisdiction to ensure they have clean drinking water for generations to come.

6.1 Investing in a Brighter Future for Indigenous Peoples

The federal government must work with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities to ensure their members have access to opportunities to grow and reach their full potential. Indigenous Peoples are the fastest growing population in Canada, consistently, year-over-year. And, that very much includes young people, who make up a larger proportion of the Indigenous population than in the non-Indigenous population. Investing in their future success could not be more important when it comes to investing in long-term outcomes for Indigenous communities.

The federal government is taking action in Budget 2024 to unlock opportunities for young people and equip them with the skills they need to succeed. By investing in education and in Indigenous youth, the federal government is investing in a brighter future for Indigenous communities and for Canada.

Key Ongoing Actions

• $1.6 billion over two years, starting in 2023-24, to ensure First Nations children continue to receive the support they need through Jordan's Principle.
• $1.3 billion over five years, starting in 2023-24, to support Canada's continued efforts to work with Indigenous communities to implement An Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families.

Empowering Indigenous Youth

Call to Action 66 of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission calls upon the federal government to establish multi-year funding for community-based youth organizations to deliver programs on reconciliation, and establish a national network to share information and best practices.

Since 2019, the government has been working with Indigenous Youth Roots, a national youth-led organization that collaborates with communities to provide grants and programming related to leadership, skills, and reconciliation for Indigenous youth.

• Budget 2024 proposes to provide an additional $12.5 million over two years, starting in 2024‑25, to Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada to support the Indigenous Youth Roots organization to identify and partner with Indigenous-led organizations. This will ensure the continued delivery of programming to empower Indigenous youth, as recommended in Truth and Reconciliation Commission Call to Action 66.

First Nation K-12 Education

A good education is one of the best ways to make sure that every child has a fair chance at the best life possible. High-quality, culturally appropriate education is especially important if we want to ensure a brighter and more prosperous future for First Nations children, youth, and communities. With First Nations people among the youngest and fastest-growing populations in Canada, investing in their success means investing in Canada's success.

Budget 2024 proposes new investments in First Nations' kindergarten to grade 12 education programming and infrastructure, including:

• $649.4 million over two years, starting in 2024-25, to improve elementary and secondary education on reserve, and ensure funding formulas meet the needs of growing communities; and,
• $545.1 million over three years, starting in 2024-25, for K-12 infrastructure to build and renovate safe and healthy learning environments for First Nations students.

First Nation Post-Secondary Education

Unlocking pathways to post-secondary education is critical to ensuring that Indigenous students have opportunities to succeed and contribute at their full potential. In 2021, 45 per cent of First Nations people aged 25-64 had attained a post-secondary credential, in comparison to 68 per cent of non-Indigenous Canadians. Supporting the next generation of First Nations university, college, and post-secondary students will help build a brighter future for Indigenous communities and a Canada where everyone has a fair chance at success.

Budget 2024 proposes to increase support for First Nations post-secondary students:

• $242.7 million over three years, starting in 2024-25, to increase access to post-secondary education for First Nations students through the Post-Secondary Student Support Program.

The federal government will continue to support Inuit and Métis post-secondary education through their Post-Secondary Education Strategies funded in Budget 2019 which invested $487.5 million over ten years, and $61.8 million ongoing.

Dechinta Centre for Research and Learning

Over the last five years, the number of people with a bachelor's degree or higher has increased for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis. However, Indigenous people who live in the North face unique barriers accessing post-secondary education that is both closer to home and culturally appropriate.

This is why the government is investing in the Dechinta Centre in the Northwest Territories to support access to culturally appropriate post-secondary education that is accessible to Indigenous students in the North.

• Budget 2024 proposes to provide $5.2 million over two years, starting in 2024-25, to Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada to support the Dechinta Centre for Research and Learning.

With this funding, First Nations can support post-secondary students in their community, making post-secondary education more accessible.

The Best Start for Every Indigenous Child

Through An Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families, more Indigenous communities are reclaiming jurisdiction over child and family services, ensuring that Indigenous children and youth grow up in their communities, tied to their cultural identities, and achieve better outcomes. The federal government is committed to implementing the Act to support Indigenous communities on this path forward. 

• Budget 2024 proposes to provide $1.8 billion over 11 years, starting in 2023-24 to support communities in exercising jurisdiction under An Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families, including the first Inuit agreement to support community-led, prevention-based solutions to reduce the number of children in care.
• Budget 2024 proposes to provide $167.5 million over two years, starting in 2023-24, to ensure Inuit children can access the health, social, and educational services they need, when they need them. The government continues to work with Inuit partners to advance the long-term vision of the Inuit Child First Initiative so that Inuit children will continue to receive timely, high-quality services.

The federal government is committed to removing systemic barriers that prevent Indigenous children and youth from accessing the services and supports they need to thrive. The government is working to reach final agreements for the long-term reform of the First Nations Child and Family Services Program and Jordan's Principle.

Supporting Indigenous Cultures

A better, fairer Canada is one where we are honest with our history. Where we can work to know ourselves and our stories, and enable creators to share them and be understood.

The federal government is committed to addressing the legacies of colonialism and racism, and an important part of that work is making sure to support Indigenous-led efforts to reclaim, revitalize, and strengthen Indigenous cultures and languages. Restoring and promoting language and culture is an important part of healing, reconciliation, and fostering a strong sense of identity and community.

To ensure the vibrancy of Indigenous cultures and languages for generations to come, Budget 2024 proposes to provide:

• $225 million over five years, starting in 2024-25, with $45 million per year ongoing to Canadian Heritage for Indigenous languages and cultures programs, in support of Indigenous Languages Act, which is set for its first five-year review in October 2025; and,
• $65 million over five years, starting in 2024-25, with $13 million per year ongoing to Canadian Heritage to permanently support the Indigenous Screen Office and ensure Indigenous Peoples can tell their own stories and see themselves reflected on screen.

Budget 2024 also proposes to provide additional resources for the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission to support Aboriginal People's Television Network. See Chapter 5 for additional details.

Supporting Urban Indigenous Peoples

Indigenous Peoples, no matter where they reside, should have access to culture and services. Indigenous people in urban areas face unique challenges to accessing the services and cultural supports they need.

This funding supports organizations to deliver effective, culturally appropriate programs and services, including housing support, to urban Indigenous Peoples in safe and accessible spaces, and improve coordination with provincial and territorial services. Budget 2024 proposes to provide:

• $60 million over two years, starting in 2024-25, to support Friendship Centres, across the country, which provide much-needed supports and services to members of their communities across a range of areas including health, housing, education, recreation, language, justice, employment, economic development, culture, and community wellness.

Impacts report

Find out more about the expected gender and diversity impacts for each measure in section 6.1 Investing in a Brighter Future for Indigenous Peoples

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6.2 Advancing Indigenous Self-Determination

One of the principles of reconciliation is fairness in all the federal government's dealings with Indigenous partners. That starts with renewing Nation-to-Nation, Government-to-Government, and Inuit-Crown relationships so that they are based on respect and the recognition of rights—a priority since 2015. And that includes the right to self-determination and upholding our commitments to rights holders.

The federal government's ongoing work is supporting pathways to self-determination and greater well-being for Indigenous communities.

As part of this effort, the federal government has focused on building relationships with Indigenous partners by addressing past harms, increasing dialogue, supporting community capacity, and advancing a fairer fiscal relationship with Indigenous Peoples. Budget 2024 builds on this important work.

Key Ongoing Actions

• Supporting communities to research, locate, and document burial sites at former residential schools, as well as to memorialize deaths of children and return their remains home.
• Ensuring the respectful and culturally appropriate treatment of unmarked graves and burial sites, including through the framework being developed by the Independent Special Interlocutor.
• Ensuring communities have access to information to support their efforts to identify, locate, and commemorate their missing children through the National Advisory Committee on Residential Schools Missing Children and Unmarked Burials.
• Educating Canadians on the harmful legacy of residential schools and preserving records that are key to honouring the truths of residential school Survivors through the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation.
• Creating innovative Recognition of Indigenous Rights and Self-Determination discussion tables where the Crown engages Indigenous partners to advance agreements and other constructive arrangements to recognize and implement Indigenous rights.
• Establishing permanent bilateral mechanisms with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Nation leaders and the Intergovernmental Leaders' Forum with Modern Treaty and Self-Governing Indigenous Government leaders to identify joint priorities, co-develop policy, and monitor progress.

Section 35 Negotiations

Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 recognizes and affirms the existing Aboriginal and treaty rights of First Nation, Métis, and Inuit communities and requires the federal government to work with partners to recognize and protect those rights. The federal government has been working with Indigenous communities to explore new ways to advance the recognition of Indigenous rights and to support unique visions for self-determination as defined by First Nations, Inuit, and Métis governments.

There are over 170 active discussion tables across the country where the federal government is working with Indigenous partners to conclude modern treaties, self-government agreements, and other constructive arrangements that support Indigenous Peoples to exercise their rights in areas such as education, child and family services, land and resource management, health, justice, and language and culture. Since 2017, Canada has signed 33 new rights-based reconciliation agreements with Indigenous partners, including:

• The Anishinabek Nation Governance Agreement (October 1, 2022), the first of its kind in Ontario, which recognizes Anishinabek control over the governance and law-making powers of signatory First Nations.
• A Self-Government Treaty Recognizing the Whitecap Dakota Nation / Wapaha Ska Dakota Oyate (May 2, 2023), which recognizes that Whitecap Dakota Nation has jurisdiction and law-making powers, facilitates the creation of economic opportunities, and improves community well-being for its members.
• The Nang K̲'uula • Nang K̲'úulaas Recognition Agreement (July 18, 2023), which recognizes the Haida Nation as the holder of Haida title and rights, and the Council of Haida Nation as the governing body of the Haida Nation.

While these agreements take significant steps towards affirming and implementing Indigenous rights, there is still important work to do.

• To advance rights-based discussions, Budget 2024 proposes to provide $96.4 million over two years, starting in 2024-25, to Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. This funding would ensure that Indigenous communities can fully participate in the negotiation process.

Renewing First Nations Core Governance and New Fiscal Relationship Funding

First Nations governments and tribal councils require adequate resources and administrative capacity to deliver critical programs and services to their members. To continue to support First Nations governance and self-determination, Budget 2024 proposes to provide:

• $275 million over two years, starting in 2024-25 to Indigenous Services Canada to maintain Indigenous Governance and Capacity programs and support governance capacity development.
• $12.6 million, over two years, starting in 2024-25, to Indigenous Services Canada to continue implementing and advancing the New Fiscal Relationship with First Nations communities.

Fair Tax Jurisdiction for Indigenous Communities

A fair fiscal relationship means supporting an Indigenous tax jurisdiction that advances self-determination and builds strong fiscal relationships while generating important revenues for community priorities. This is an important part of reconciliation.

The federal government proposes to expand opt-in tax jurisdiction frameworks, enabling Indigenous governments to better exercise their tax jurisdiction with more flexibility.

• Following extensive collaboration with Indigenous organizations and interested Indigenous communities, Budget 2024 announces the government's intention to bring forward legislation for an opt-in Fuel, Alcohol, Cannabis, Tobacco, and Vaping (FACT) sales tax framework. The FACT framework would include appropriate sharing arrangements, to meet the interests of both Indigenous governments and the federal government. The federal government will work with Indigenous partners over the coming months to finalize and implement the FACT framework.

The federal government will negotiate additional First Nations Goods and Services Tax agreements with interested Indigenous governments, and personal income tax arrangements with interested self-governing Indigenous governments, along with facilitating similar arrangements between interested Indigenous governments and provincial and territorial governments. The federal government is exploring the potential role of tax arrangements and other tools to enable Indigenous communities to meaningfully benefit from resource development.

Addressing the Legacy of Residential Schools

Residential school denialism has severe impacts on Survivors and descendants of Survivors. Such denialism seeks to erase the ongoing trauma and harm that Indigenous Peoples continue to face because of the legacy of residential schools. It further burdens Survivors and their descendants, whose mental health, well-being, and economic opportunities are still hampered today by this shameful legacy.

The federal government is committed to addressing the legacy of residential schools. At the heart of this work is supporting Survivors, their families, and their communities, along with educating all people about these truths, to ensure that these wrongs are recognized and never happen again.

To work to correct the damaging legacy of residential schools, the government has compensated Survivors and made historic investments in child welfare, education, language and culture, health, justice, former residential school sites, and missing children and burial sites. The government remains committed to implementing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action to address the painful legacy of residential schools.

• Budget 2024 proposes to provide $91 million over two years, starting in 2024-25, to Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada to increase the support provided to communities to document, locate, and memorialize burial sites at former residential schools.
• Budget 2024 also proposes to provide $5 million over three years, starting in 2025-26, to Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada to establish a program to combat Residential School denialism.

The government anticipates the Special Interlocutor's final report and recommendations in spring 2024. This report will support further action towards addressing the harmful legacy of residential schools through a framework relating to federal laws, regulations, policies, and practices surrounding unmarked graves and burials at former residential schools and associated sites. This will include addressing residential school denialism.

Impacts report

Find out more about the expected gender and diversity impacts for each measure in section 6.2 Advancing Indigenous Self-Determination

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6.3 Advancing Economic Reconciliation

An economy that is fair for everyone is one where everyone is able to fully participate. That hasn't always been the case, especially for Indigenous Peoples. The history of discrimination faced in communities has meant that, for too long, Indigenous Peoples were left behind and could not fully participate in the Canadian economy. With Budget 2024, the government is taking action to ensure Indigenous communities are able to share in Canada's prosperity and benefit from the new opportunities ahead.

Economic reconciliation—whether through supporting Indigenous entrepreneurs, creating good jobs in Indigenous communities, or helping ensure Indigenous communities have access to the capital they need for equity in major projects—is how we make sure we all benefit from Canada's prosperity.

Key Ongoing Actions

• $150 million over five years, starting in 2022-23, to advance shovel-ready economic opportunities in Indigenous communities.
• $65 million over five years, starting in 2023‑24, to co-develop a new First Nations-led land registry and support First Nations in building capacity to exercise jurisdiction over their lands, resources, and environment.
• $21 million over five years, starting in 2023-24, to increase participation in environmental and regulatory assessments of major projects.

Indigenous Loan Guarantee Program

Indigenous communities need to be able to share in the benefits of natural resource and energy projects in their territories and on their own terms. Due to the Indian Act and the legacy of colonialism, Indigenous communities have fewer options for securing capital or leveraging existing assets as collateral, leading to increased borrowing rates that create a barrier to equity investment in natural resource and energy projects.

The number of major natural resource and energy projects with potential for Indigenous equity participation is anticipated to grow significantly, with the First Nations Major Projects Coalition's research expecting this potential to reach $525 billion in capital investment over the next ten years. If Canada is to make sure that Indigenous communities are able to fully benefit from the opportunities ahead, they need fair access to affordable capital that meets their unique needs.

Building on the government's 2023 Fall Economic Statement commitment to help facilitate Indigenous equity ownership in major projects, Budget 2024 proposes to launch the Indigenous Loan Guarantee Program with the following parameters:

• Up to $5 billion in loan guarantees to unlock access to capital for Indigenous communities, creating economic opportunities and supporting their economic development priorities.

  • Applicant eligibility would recognize Indigenous governments, and their wholly owned and controlled entities.
  • The program would be sector-agnostic for natural resource and energy projects to prioritize economic reconciliation and self-determination.
  • The program would support projects across the country, and a range of project types, to ensure that Indigenous communities across the country benefit from the program.
  • Natural Resources Canada would be responsible for intake and capacity building, and the Canada Development Investment Corporation (CDEV), a Crown corporation in the Department of Finance Canada portfolio, would create a new subsidiary to provide due diligence on the applications and administer the portfolio of loan guarantees.
• Budget 2024 also proposes to provide $16.5 million over two years, starting in 2024-25, to Natural Resources Canada, including $3.5 million over two years to support capacity funding for Indigenous communities and applicants and delivery of the Indigenous Loan Guarantee Program by CDEV. This investment will provide capacity building supports to assist eligible Indigenous communities in making applications for loans through the program.

What is an Indigenous Loan Guarantee?

The Indigenous Loan Guarantee Program will provide access to affordable capital to Indigenous governments and communities. Loans would be provided by financial institutions or other lenders and guaranteed by the Government of Canada. This means that the borrower would benefit from the government's AAA credit ratings, delivering a lower interest rate than is available to most borrowers.

An Indigenous community in Saskatchewan is looking to purchase a 10 per cent stake in an electricity transmission project before approving the project to pass through its territory.

The group applies to the Indigenous Loan Guarantee Program. If approved, the loan guarantee would lower their cost of borrowing. This makes equity participation sustainable through repayment and allows more revenue from projects to be reinvested in the community.

Boosting Indigenous Economic Opportunity

Economic reconciliation is critical to Indigenous self-determination. Building on previous investments, including support for the development of an Economic Reconciliation Framework and a National Benefits-Sharing Framework, Budget 2024 proposes to provide:

• $350 million over five years, starting in 2024-25, to renew Canada's commitment to Indigenous Financial Institutions, including $30 million over five years for the Métis Capital Corporations which have, for decades, provided critical support to Métis entrepreneurs and businesses;
• $2.5 million in 2024-25, to continue supporting the Indigenous tourism industry through the Indigenous Tourism Association of Canada; and
• $36 million, over three years, starting in 2024-25, to renew support for the Strategic Partnerships Initiatives' Clean Energy program to promote Indigenous participation in clean growth opportunities.

Together, these investments will support Indigenous entrepreneurs and Indigenous communities by helping to reduce systemic barriers, ensure supports are in place for Indigenous people to fully participate in the economy, and contribute to Indigenous prosperity, and success across generations.

Indigenous Labour Market Information

The Indigenous Labour Market Information Survey and Skills Inventory Initiative was first funded in 2015 to support timely, detailed, and community-specific labour market data. This initiative supports participating First Nations to collect information which helps them to identify workforce gaps and needs, and to better match their members with the right training and jobs.

• Budget 2024 proposes to provide $4.4 million over two years, starting in 2024-25, to continue the Indigenous Labour Market Information Survey and Skills Inventory Initiative to support labour market participation and ensure prosperous communities.

Impacts report

Find out more about the expected gender and diversity impacts for each measure in section 6.3 Advancing Economic Reconciliation

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6.4 Healthy Indigenous Communities

Everyone in Canada deserves to have the support they need to live a healthy and prosperous life. Due to the legacies of colonialism, access to opportunities and supports can be further from reach in First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities. The federal government is committed to supporting Indigenous communities in building healthy communities.

Since 2015, the federal government has made significant investments to build more homes, deliver better health care, and ensure Indigenous communities have clean drinking water. Every Indigenous person deserves access to what they need to build a healthy and vibrant life.

Budget 2024 is investing in better health care and critical infrastructure, co-developed and co-led with Indigenous communities, to ensure better health outcomes for all Indigenous Peoples.

Key Ongoing Actions

• $4 billion over seven years, starting in 2024-25, to implement an Urban, Rural, and Northern Indigenous Housing Strategy, currently under co-development with Indigenous partners.
• $2 billion over ten years, starting in 2024-25, for a distinctions-based Indigenous Health Equity Fund. This fund, currently being co-developed with Indigenous partners, will address the unique challenges Indigenous Peoples face when accessing health care services, and support immediate and long-term Indigenous health priorities.
• $811 million over five years, beginning in 2023-24, to support medical travel and to maintain medically necessary services through the Non-Insured Health Benefits Program, including mental health services, dental and vision care, and medications.
• $8.2 billion over ten years, starting in 2023-24, to renew the First Nations Health Authority Funding Agreement in British Columbia.
• $1.6 billion over two years, starting in 2024-25, to ensure access to safe drinking water and treated wastewater in First Nations communities.

Indigenous Housing and Community Infrastructure

Everyone needs access to housing they can afford. Indigenous Peoples have faced high housing costs and lack of access for far too long. That is why the government has made huge investments and is taking historic action to increase supply across this country, including for Indigenous communities. In order for communities to grow and thrive, they also need infrastructure. The federal government is stepping up to be a partner in this.

• As outlined in Chapter 1, Budget 2024 proposes investments of $918 million over five years, starting in 2024-25, to Indigenous Services Canada and Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada to accelerate work in narrowing First Nations, Inuit and Métis housing and infrastructure gaps.

On-Reserve Income Assistance

The On-Reserve Income Assistance program helps cover daily living costs and provides access to employment supports for on-reserve residents and eligible First Nations people in Yukon. This program is intended to mirror provincial income assistance programs, which are not extended to people on reserve.

Since 2015, the federal government has worked closely with First Nations partners to improve this program and ensure it is responsive to their needs.

Budget 2024 proposes investments in income assistance and implements new supports for eligible persons with disabilities:   

• $596.2 million over five years, starting in 2024-25, and $119.2 million per year ongoing to provide income support on reserve and expand programming to meet demand; 
• $117.6 million over three years starting in 2024-25 for case management and pre-employment supports to increase access to good job opportunities; and,
• $213.5 million over five years, starting in 2024-25, and $49.8 million per year ongoing to implement income supports for eligible persons with disabilities aligned with those provided in all provinces and Yukon. This unprecedented new support will help ensure Indigenous persons with disabilities have a fair chance at success.

Budget 2024 invests in income support programs across the country for First Nations persons with disabilities for the first time in Canadian history to make disability supports on reserve, and for eligible First Nations persons with disabilities in Yukon, comparable to supports off reserve.

First Nations and Inuit Health

The federal government is working with Indigenous partners to improve access to health care services. Co-developed essential health care reforms aim to ensure Indigenous people feel safe and heard while accessing health care services in Canada, no matter where they live.

To ensure First Nations and Inuit across the country have fair and equal access to the health care they deserve, Budget 2024 proposes to provide:

• $562.5 million in 2024-25 to support medically necessary services through the Non-Insured Health Benefits Program, which supports a range of benefits for First Nations and Inuit people, including mental health services, medical travel, medications, and more;
• $390.4 million over four years, starting in 2024-25, to build or renovate health facilities, including to support the Virtual Health Hub led by the Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technologies. This funding will also improve the safety of primary care workers in remote and isolated on-reserve First Nations communities;
• $104.9 million over five years, starting in 2024-25, for health transformation initiatives to support First Nations self-determination in the design and delivery of health services in their communities; and,
• $57.5 million over three years, starting in 2024-25, which builds on previous federal investments to construct a mercury care home in Grassy Narrows First Nation.

Supporting Indigenous Mental Health

Mental health is health. Due to the legacy of colonialism, Indigenous Peoples face their own unique challenges when it comes to mental health and well-being, which may lead to post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use, and depression.

A high proportion of Indigenous youth are diagnosed with mood and anxiety disorders, as well as chronic health conditions. First Nations youth living on reserve reported low mental health nearly twice as often as non-Indigenous youth. Indigenous youth struggle to access health care due to long transportation times and costs from missing school or work.

Supporting Indigenous people's access to mental health doesn't just mean increasing access to care, it also means ensuring services respect, value, and use cultural knowledge, approaches, languages, and ways of knowing. These investments aim to end the legacies of intergenerational trauma and build up healthier, stronger, and more resilient future generations.

• Budget 2024 proposes to provide $630.2 million over two years, starting in 2024-25, to support Indigenous people's access to mental health services, including through distinctions-based mental wellness strategies.

Addressing Anti-Indigenous Racism in Health Care

Anti-Indigenous racism has tragic consequences for Indigenous Peoples seeking health care. In 2020, tragic circumstances contributed to the death of Joyce Echaquan at the Centre hospitalier régional De Lanaudière in Quebec, near the Atikamekw community of Manawan. In memory of her death, Joyce's Principle was created, which aims to guarantee to all Indigenous people the right of equitable access, without any discrimination, to all social and health services. It also includes the right to enjoy the best possible physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health.

Recognizing and respecting Indigenous Peoples' traditional and living knowledge in all aspects of health is essential to fulfilling Joyce's Principle. This measure aims to help foster health systems free from racism and discrimination where Indigenous Peoples are respected and safe by supporting patient advocates, health system navigators, midwives, and birth support workers, as well as initiatives to increase Indigenous representation in the health profession.

• Budget 2024 proposes to provide $167.6 million over five years, starting in 2024-25, to combat anti-Indigenous racism in health care to help ensure Indigenous Peoples are treated with the respect and safety they deserve.

Northern Food Security

Many Northerners and Indigenous people living in isolated communities lack affordable, year-round access to nutritious food. Nutrition North Canada makes nutritious foods more accessible and affordable in communities without supply centres. At a time of global food price inflation, it is more important than ever that this support be there.

To deliver more of this important support to advance food security and affordability in the North, Budget 2024 proposes to provide:

• $23.2 million in 2024-25, to Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada for Nutrition North Canada's subsidy program to lower the cost of nutritious food and other essential household items; and,
• $101.1 million over three years starting in 2024-25, to support the Harvesters Support Grant and Community Food Program Fund and promote Indigenous communities in implementing culturally appropriate, local solutions to address food insecurity.

Nutrition North Canada is funded by the federal government and provides access to nutritious foods for 125 northern communities. Its work supports the  Inuit Nunangat Food Security Strategy, which prioritizes local food production and community food programs.

These investments have already helped communities in Inuit Nunangat, as well as other Indigenous communities, purchase equipment for harvesting, hunting, and food storage, which means they are able to share meals prepared with traditional foods and have greater food security.

Strengthening Access to Culturally Important Foods

Indigenous Peoples suffer higher rates of food insecurity than the rest of Canada. Traditional foods obtained through harvesting are an important part of Indigenous communities' diet and culture, making access to such foods critically important.

As part of the government's work to eradicate food insecurity, Budget 2024 proposes to provide:

• $14.9 million over three years, starting in 2024-25, to renew and expand the Northern Isolated Community Initiatives Fund to all regions of Inuit Nunangat to support local and Indigenous food production systems, including innovative northern food businesses, which contribute to food security in the North.
• $25.1 million over two years, starting in 2024-25, on a cash basis, to expand the Canadian Shellfish Sanitation Program to assist Indigenous communities to safely access shellfish harvest for food, as well as social and ceremonial purposes.
• $2.8 million over three years, starting in 2024-25, to implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act (UNDA) Action Plan Measures to bolster the policy and engagement capacity among Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami and Inuit Treaty Organizations to co-develop legislative and policy options to facilitate the production, sale, and trade of traditional and country food.

Impacts report

Find out more about the expected gender and diversity impacts for each measure in section 6.4 Healthy Indigenous Communities

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6.5 Safe Indigenous Communities

The legacy of colonialism has meant that Indigenous communities have long been without Indigenous-led policing and justice. To correct past wrongs, it is essential that better Indigenous-led policing, justice, and emergency services are developed, guided by input from communities on what they need.

Indigenous Peoples have been underrepresented in policing, which has meant policing is not culturally appropriate. Law enforcement must be tailored to the unique needs of Indigenous communities to ensure it works for them. The federal government is committed to doing this work with Indigenous communities to ensure a brighter, safer future. Budget 2024 takes action to strengthen Indigenous oversight and development of policing.

With Indigenous communities often located in remote areas, where there is a higher risk of natural disasters, it is essential to invest in their emergency management response and recovery resources. The legacy of colonialism has meant that Indigenous emergency response resources have been underfunded, and are ill-equipped to fight wildfires and other disasters, which are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change.

Budget 2024 is investing in better community safety, with a commitment to partnership and Indigenous control, so that services truly meet the unique needs of communities.

Key Ongoing Actions

• $260 million in 2023-24 for emergency management response and recovery activities on reserve.
• $861 million over five years, starting in 2021-22, and $145 million per year ongoing, to enhance funding for policing and community safety in Indigenous communities.
• $74.8 million over three years, beginning in 2021-22, to improve access to justice for Indigenous people and support the development of an Indigenous justice strategy to address systemic discrimination and the overrepresentation of Indigenous people in the justice system.

First Nations Emergency Management and Preparedness

Canada's 2023 wildfire season was the most destructive on record, resulting in the evacuation of more than 95 Indigenous communities. That number is more than the four previous years combined. To support wildfire responses and recovery activities in First Nations communities, the 2023 Fall Economic Statement provided $260 million. But the growing frequency and intensity of these events demands further proactive investment in mitigation and adaptation efforts to save lives, and minimize damage and disruption in Indigenous communities.

Budget 2024 proposes to provide:

• $9 million in 2023-24 to Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada to support Indigenous governments directly affected by the 2023 wildfires in the Northwest Territories;
• $145.2 million over five years, starting in 2024-25, for Indigenous Services Canada and Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada to work with First Nations to develop greater climate resiliency and deploy structural mitigation strategies that protect communities, homes, and essential infrastructure from climate disasters, including $10.4 million for Modern Treaty and Self-Governing First Nations; and,
• $20.9 million over three years, starting in 2024-25, for Indigenous Services Canada to support the First Nations Fire Protection Strategy, 2023 to 2028 by distributing fire alarms and fire extinguishers to homes and community facilities on-reserve, as well as fire-related education programs.

Red Dress Alert

In Budget 2021, the government committed $2.2 billion over five years to the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls.

In Budget 2023, the government made investments to launch a Red Dress Alert. A Red Dress Alert would notify the public when an Indigenous woman, girl, or two-spirit person goes missing. It is part of the federal government's work to advance the National Action Plan to address Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. But this work is not done.

Since Budget 2023, the government has engaged with Indigenous partners, provinces, and territories to co-develop the Red Dress Alert. The government  heard the need for specific, regionally-tailored approaches to meet the diverse needs of Indigenous communities across the country.

• To help keep Indigenous women, girls, and two-spirit people safe, Budget 2024 proposes to provide $1.3 million over three years, starting in 2024‑25, to co-develop with Indigenous partners, on a priority first phase, a regional Red Dress Alert system.

Support for Indigenous Justice Programming

The federal government is committed to addressing the overrepresentation of Indigenous people in the justice system and discrimination within the justice system. Advancing reconciliation requires supporting Indigenous-led, culturally appropriate, and community-based justice services, and ensuring policies are informed by the lived experiences of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis.

Last year, the government tabled the inaugural five-year United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act Action Plan, through which the government committed to 181 Action Plan Measures, including finalizing an Indigenous Justice Strategy, in consultation and cooperation with Indigenous Partners, provinces, and territories. The Indigenous Justice Strategy will be an important step towards addressing systemic representation and overrepresentation of Indigenous Peoples in the Canadian justice system.

• To advance the Indigenous Justice Strategy, Budget 2024 proposes to provide $87 million over five years, starting in 2024-25, and $11.3 million per year ongoing, to the Department of Justice for Indigenous justice programming, including:

  • $56.4 million over five years and $11.3 million per year ongoing for the Indigenous Justice Program and the Indigenous Courtwork Program;
  • $5.5 million over three years to continue work on the revitalization of Indigenous laws and legal systems; and,
  • $25.1 million over three years to renew funding for capacity building and engagement throughout the development and initial implementation of the Indigenous Justice Strategy.

First Nations and Inuit-led Policing

First Nations and Inuit people face unique challenges—whether it's the remoteness of communities or the need for policing that is culturally appropriate.

Currently, the First Nations and Inuit Policing Program provides support for communities to administer their own police force, or receive enhanced policing services from the RCMP or another standing police force. These agreements are cost-shared between the federal and provincial or territorial governments.

Through Budget 2021, the government has committed $861 million over five years, and $145 million per year ongoing, for policing and community safety in Indigenous communities. Of this, $43.7 million was committed to co-develop a legislative framework for First Nations policing that recognizes First Nations policing as an essential service. To further address policing needs identified by Indigenous communities, Budget 2024 proposes to provide:

• $267.5 million over five years, starting in 2024-25, and $92.5 million per year ongoing to Public Safety Canada for the First Nations and Inuit Policing Program and to support the work of Public Safety Canada's Indigenous Secretariat; and
• $200 million over five years, starting in 2024-25, to repair, renovate and replace policing facilities in First Nations and Inuit communities.

The federal government is continuing to co-develop legislation with First Nations partners to recognize First Nations policing as an essential service.

Searching the Prairie Green Landfill

In 2022, three First Nations women went missing in Winnipeg, and the remains of two are still undiscovered to this day. Families of the missing women are rightfully calling for a search of the Prairie Green Landfill, where the remains of one of the three missing women were found in 2022.

For too long, previous governments have failed to listen, and to act, when Indigenous voices spoke up. We cannot make the same mistakes today. Indigenous families deserve closure.

On March 22, 2024, the federal government announced $20 million in 2024-25 to support, in partnership with the Government of Manitoba, Indigenous partners, and impacted families, efforts to search the Prairie Green Landfill for the remains of missing and murdered Indigenous women. This builds on the $1.2 million already provided by Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada to support feasibility and planning assessments.

The ongoing work to search the Prairie Green Landfill is a painful reminder that Canada is still in the midst of a national crisis of missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people. The government is committed to implementing the Federal Pathway to Address Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls and 2SLGBTQQIA+ People and to supporting healing and justice for victims, as well as their families, friends, and communities.

Impacts report

Find out more about the expected gender and diversity impacts for each measure in section 6.5 Safe Indigenous Communities

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